1 Raja-raja 18:38-40
Konteks18:38 Then fire from the Lord fell from the sky. 1 It consumed the offering, the wood, the stones, and the dirt, and licked up the water in the trench. 18:39 When all the people saw this, they threw themselves down with their faces to the ground and said, “The Lord is the true God! 2 The Lord is the true God!” 18:40 Elijah told them, “Seize the prophets of Baal! Don’t let even one of them escape!” So they seized them, and Elijah led them down to the Kishon Valley and executed 3 them there.
1 Raja-raja 18:2
Konteks18:2 So Elijah went to make an appearance before Ahab.
Now the famine was severe in Samaria. 4
Kisah Para Rasul 23:2-20
Konteks23:2 At that 5 the high priest Ananias ordered those standing near 6 Paul 7 to strike 8 him on the mouth. 23:3 Then Paul said to him, “God is going to strike you, you whitewashed wall! 9 Do 10 you sit there judging me according to the law, 11 and in violation of the law 12 you order me to be struck?” 23:4 Those standing near him 13 said, “Do you dare insult 14 God’s high priest?” 23:5 Paul replied, 15 “I did not realize, 16 brothers, that he was the high priest, for it is written, ‘You must not speak evil about a ruler of your people.’” 17
23:6 Then when Paul noticed 18 that part of them were Sadducees 19 and the others Pharisees, 20 he shouted out in the council, 21 “Brothers, I am a Pharisee, a son of Pharisees. I am on trial concerning the hope of the resurrection 22 of the dead!” 23:7 When he said this, 23 an argument 24 began 25 between the Pharisees and the Sadducees, and the assembly was divided. 23:8 (For the Sadducees say there is no resurrection, or angel, or spirit, but the Pharisees acknowledge them all.) 26 23:9 There was a great commotion, 27 and some experts in the law 28 from the party of the Pharisees stood up 29 and protested strongly, 30 “We find nothing wrong 31 with this man. What if a spirit or an angel has spoken to him?” 23:10 When the argument became 32 so great the commanding officer 33 feared that they would tear Paul to pieces, 34 he ordered the detachment 35 to go down, take him away from them by force, 36 and bring him into the barracks. 37
23:11 The following night the Lord 38 stood near 39 Paul 40 and said, “Have courage, 41 for just as you have testified about me in Jerusalem, 42 so you must also testify in Rome.” 43
23:12 When morning came, 44 the Jews formed 45 a conspiracy 46 and bound themselves with an oath 47 not to eat or drink anything 48 until they had killed Paul. 23:13 There were more than forty of them who formed this conspiracy. 49 23:14 They 50 went 51 to the chief priests 52 and the elders and said, “We have bound ourselves with a solemn oath 53 not to partake 54 of anything until we have killed Paul. 23:15 So now you and the council 55 request the commanding officer 56 to bring him down to you, as if you were going to determine 57 his case 58 by conducting a more thorough inquiry. 59 We are ready to kill him 60 before he comes near this place.” 61
23:16 But when the son of Paul’s sister heard about the ambush, 62 he came and entered 63 the barracks 64 and told Paul. 23:17 Paul called 65 one of the centurions 66 and said, “Take this young man to the commanding officer, 67 for he has something to report to him.” 23:18 So the centurion 68 took him and brought him to the commanding officer 69 and said, “The prisoner Paul called 70 me and asked me to bring this young man to you because he has something to tell you.” 23:19 The commanding officer 71 took him by the hand, withdrew privately, and asked, “What is it that you want 72 to report to me?” 23:20 He replied, 73 “The Jews have agreed to ask you to bring Paul down to the council 74 tomorrow, as if they were going to inquire more thoroughly about him.
[18:38] 1 tn The words “from the sky” are added for stylistic reasons.
[18:39] 2 tn Heb “the God” (the phrase occurs twice in this verse).
[18:40] 3 tn Or “slaughtered.”
[18:2] 4 map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.
[23:2] 5 tn Grk “and” (δέ, de); the phrase “at that” has been used in the translation to clarify the cause and effect relationship.
[23:2] 6 tn BDAG 778 s.v. παρίστημι/παριστάνω 2.b.α has “οἱ παρεστῶτες αὐτῷ those standing near him Ac 23:2.”
[23:2] 7 tn Grk “him”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[23:2] 8 tn Or “hit” (‘strike’ maintains the wordplay with the following verse). The action was probably designed to indicate a rejection of Paul’s claim to a clear conscience in the previous verse.
[23:3] 9 sn You whitewashed wall. This was an idiom for hypocrisy – just as the wall was painted on the outside but something different on the inside, so this person was not what he appeared or pretended to be (L&N 88.234; see also BDAG 1010 s.v. τοῖχος). Paul was claiming that the man’s response was two-faced (Ezek 13:10-16; Matt 23:27-28). See also Deut 28:22.
[23:3] 10 tn Grk “And do.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.
[23:3] 11 tn The law refers to the law of Moses.
[23:3] 12 tn BDAG 769 s.v. παρανομέω has “παρανομῶν κελεύεις in violation of the law you order Ac 23:3.”
[23:3] sn In violation of the law. Paul was claiming that punishment was given before the examination was complete (m. Sanhedrin 3:6-8). Luke’s noting of this detail shows how quickly the leadership moved to react against Paul.
[23:4] 13 tn The word “him” is not in the Greek text but is implied.
[23:4] 14 tn L&N 33.393 has for λοιδορέω (loidorew) “to speak in a highly insulting manner – ‘to slander, to insult strongly, slander, insult.’”
[23:4] sn Insult God’s high priest. Paul was close to violation of the Mosaic law with his response, as the citation from Exod 22:28 in v. 5 makes clear.
[23:5] 17 sn A quotation from Exod 22:28. This text defines a form of blasphemy. Paul, aware of the fact that he came close to crossing the line, backed off out of respect for the law.
[23:6] 18 tn BDAG 200 s.v. γινώσκω 4 has “to be aware of someth., perceive, notice, realize”; this is further clarified by section 4.c: “w. ὅτι foll….Ac 23:6.”
[23:6] 19 sn See the note on Sadducees in 4:1.
[23:6] 20 sn See the note on Pharisee in 5:34.
[23:6] 21 tn Grk “the Sanhedrin” (the Sanhedrin was the highest legal, legislative, and judicial body among the Jews).
[23:6] 22 tn That is, concerning the hope that the dead will be resurrected. Grk “concerning the hope and resurrection.” BDAG 320 s.v. ἐλπίς 1.b.α states, “Of Israel’s messianic hope Ac 23:6 (ἐ. καὶ ἀνάστασις for ἐ. τῆς ἀν. [obj. gen] as 2 Macc 3:29 ἐ. καὶ σωτηρία).” With an objective genitive construction, the resurrection of the dead would be the “object” of the hope.
[23:7] 23 tn The participle εἰπόντος (eiponto") has been translated temporally.
[23:7] 24 tn Or “a dispute” (BDAG 940 s.v. στάσις 3).
[23:7] 25 tn Grk “there came about an argument.” This has been simplified to “an argument began”
[23:8] 26 tn BDAG 55 s.v. ἀμφότεροι 2 has “all, even when more than two are involved…Φαρισαῖοι ὁμολογοῦσιν τὰ ἀ. believe in them all 23:8.” On this belief see Josephus, J. W. 2.8.14 (2.163); Ant. 18.1.3 (18.14).
[23:8] sn This is a parenthetical note by the author.
[23:9] 27 tn Or “clamor” (cf. BDAG 565 s.v. κραυγή 1.a, which has “there arose a loud outcry” here, and Exod 12:30).
[23:9] 28 tn Or “and some scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 4:5.
[23:9] 29 tn Grk “standing up.” The participle ἀναστάντες (anastante") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
[23:9] 30 tn Grk “protested strongly, saying.” L&N 39.27 has “διαμάχομαι: to fight or contend with, involving severity and thoroughness – ‘to protest strongly, to contend with.’…‘some scribes from the party of the Pharisees protested strongly’ Ac 23:9.” The participle λέγοντες (legontes) is redundant and has not been translated.
[23:9] 31 sn “We find nothing wrong with this man.” Here is another declaration of innocence. These leaders recognized the possibility that Paul might have the right to make his claim.
[23:10] 32 tn This genitive absolute construction with the participle γινομένης (ginomenhs) has been taken temporally (it could also be translated as causal).
[23:10] 33 tn Grk “the chiliarch” (an officer in command of a thousand soldiers). In Greek the term χιλίαρχος (ciliarco") literally described the “commander of a thousand,” but it was used as the standard translation for the Latin tribunus militum or tribunus militare, the military tribune who commanded a cohort of 600 men.
[23:10] 34 tn Grk “that Paul would be torn to pieces by them.” BDAG 236 s.v. διασπάω has “of an angry mob μὴ διασπασθῇ ὁ Παῦλος ὑπ᾿ αὐτῶν that Paul would be torn in pieces by them Ac 23:10.” The passive construction is somewhat awkward in English and has been converted to an equivalent active construction in the translation.
[23:10] 35 tn Normally this term means “army,” but according to BDAG 947 s.v. στράτευμα, “Of a smaller detachment of soldiers, sing. Ac 23:10, 27.” In the plural it can be translated “troops,” but it is singular here.
[23:10] 36 tn Or “to go down, grab him out of their midst.”
[23:10] 37 tn Or “the headquarters.” BDAG 775 s.v. παρεμβολή 2 has “barracks/headquarters of the Roman troops in Jerusalem Ac 21:34, 37; 22:24; 23:10, 16, 32.”
[23:11] 38 sn The presence of the Lord indicated the vindicating presence and direction of God.
[23:11] 39 tn Grk “standing near Paul, said.” The participle ἐπιστάς (epistas) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
[23:11] 40 tn Grk “him”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[23:11] 41 tn Or “Do not be afraid.”
[23:11] 42 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[23:11] 43 sn Like Jesus went to Jerusalem, Paul would now go to Rome. This trip forms the concluding backdrop to Acts. This is the second notice about going to Rome (see Acts 19:21 for the first).
[23:11] map For location see JP4 A1.
[23:12] 44 tn Grk “when it was day.”
[23:12] 45 tn Grk “forming a conspiracy, bound.” The participle ποιήσαντες (poihsantes) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
[23:12] 46 tn L&N 30.72 has ‘some Jews formed a conspiracy’ Ac 23:12”; BDAG 979 s.v. συστροφή 1 has “Judeans came together in a mob 23:12. But in the last pass. the word may also mean – 2. the product of a clandestine gathering, plot, conspiracy” (see also Amos 7:10; Ps 63:3).
[23:12] 47 tn Or “bound themselves under a curse.” BDAG 63 s.v. ἀναθεματίζω 1 has “trans. put under a curse τινά someone…pleonastically ἀναθέματι ἀ. ἑαυτόν Ac 23:14…ἀ. ἑαυτόν vss. 12, 21, 13 v.l.” On such oaths see m. Shevi’it 3:1-5. The participle λέγοντες (legontes) is redundant in English and has not been translated.
[23:12] 48 tn The word “anything” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context, but must be supplied for the modern English reader.
[23:13] 49 tn L&N 30.73 defines συνωμοσία (sunwmosia) as “a plan for taking secret action someone or some institution, with the implication of an oath binding the conspirators – ‘conspiracy, plot.’ …‘there were more than forty of them who formed this conspiracy’ Ac 23:13.”
[23:14] 50 tn Grk “who.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, the relative pronoun (“whom”) was translated by the third person plural pronoun (“them”) and a new sentence begun in the translation.
[23:14] 51 tn Grk “going.” The participle προσελθόντες (proselqonte") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
[23:14] 52 sn They went to the chief priests. The fact that the high priest knew of this plot and did nothing shows the Jewish leadership would even become accomplices to murder to stop Paul. They would not allow Roman justice to take its course. Paul’s charge in v. 3 of superficially following the law is thus shown to be true.
[23:14] 53 tn Or “bound ourselves under a curse.” BDAG 63 s.v. ἀναθεματίζω 1 has “trans. put under a curse τινά someone…pleonastically ἀναθέματι ἀ. ἑαυτόν Ac 23:14…ἀ. ἑαυτόν vss. 12, 21, 13 v.l.” The pleonastic use ἀναθέματι ἀνεθεματίσαμεν (literally “we have cursed ourselves with a curse”) probably serves as an intensifier following Semitic usage, and is represented in the translation by the word “solemn.” On such oaths see m. Nedarim 3:1, 3.
[23:14] 54 tn This included both food and drink (γεύομαι [geuomai] is used of water turned to wine in John 2:9).
[23:15] 55 tn Grk “the Sanhedrin” (the Sanhedrin was the highest legal, legislative, and judicial body among the Jews).
[23:15] 56 tn Grk “the chiliarch” (an officer in command of a thousand soldiers). See note on the term “commanding officer” in v. 10.
[23:15] 57 tn Or “decide.” BDAG 227 s.v. διαγινώσκω has “ἀκριβέστερον τὰ περὶ αὐτοῦ to make a more thorough examination of his case Ac 23:15.”
[23:15] 58 tn Grk “determine the things about him.”
[23:15] 59 tn The expression “more thorough inquiry” reflects the comparative form of ἀκριβέστερον (akribesteron).
[23:15] 60 sn “We are ready to kill him.” Now those Jews involved in the conspiracy, along with the leaders as accomplices, are going to break one of the ten commandments.
[23:15] 61 tn The words “this place” are not in the Greek text, but are implied.
[23:16] 62 tn Or “plot” (BDAG 334 s.v. ἐνέδρα).
[23:16] 63 tn Grk “coming and entering…, he told.” The participles παραγενόμενος (paragenomeno") and εἰσελθών (eiselqwn) have been translated as finite verbs due to requirements of contemporary English style.
[23:16] 64 tn Or “the headquarters.” BDAG 775 s.v. παρεμβολή 2 has “barracks/headquarters of the Roman troops in Jerusalem Ac 21:34, 37; 22:24; 23:10, 16, 32.”
[23:17] 65 tn Grk “calling…Paul said.” The participle προσκαλεσάμενος (proskalesameno") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
[23:17] 66 sn See the note on the word centurion in 10:1.
[23:17] 67 tn Grk “the chiliarch” (an officer in command of a thousand soldiers). See note on the term “commanding officer” in v. 10.
[23:18] 68 tn Grk “he”; the referent (the centurion) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[23:18] 69 tn Grk “the chiliarch” (an officer in command of a thousand soldiers). See note on the term “commanding officer” in v. 10.
[23:18] 70 tn Grk “calling.” The participle προσκαλεσάμενος (proskalesameno") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
[23:19] 71 tn Grk “the chiliarch” (an officer in command of a thousand soldiers). See note on the term “commanding officer” in v. 10.
[23:19] 72 tn Grk “you have,” but the expression “have to report” in English could be understood to mean “must report” rather than “possess to report.” For this reason the nearly equivalent expression “want to report,” which is not subject to misunderstanding, was used in the translation.
[23:20] 74 tn Grk “the Sanhedrin” (the Sanhedrin was the highest legal, legislative, and judicial body among the Jews).
