Keluaran 22:10

22:10 If a man gives his neighbor a donkey or an ox or a sheep or any beast to keep, and it dies or is hurt ¹  or is carried away ²  without anyone seeing it, ³ 

Keluaran 22:31

22:31 “You will be holy ⁴  people to me; you must not eat any meat torn by animals in the field. ⁵  You must throw it to the dogs.

Imamat 22:8

22:8 He must not eat an animal that has died of natural causes ⁶  or an animal torn by beasts and thus become unclean by it. I am the Lord.

Imamat 22:1

Regulations for the Eating of Priestly Stipends

22:1 The Lord spoke to Moses:

1 Samuel 17:34-35

17:34 David replied to Saul, “Your servant has been a shepherd for his father’s flock. Whenever a lion or bear would come and carry off a sheep from the flock, 17:35 I would go out after it, strike it down, and rescue the sheep from its mouth. If it rose up against me, I would grab it by its jaw, strike it, and kill it.

Yohanes 10:12-13

10:12 The hired hand, ⁷  who is not a shepherd and does not own sheep, sees the wolf coming and abandons ⁸  the sheep and runs away. ⁹  So the wolf attacks ¹⁰  the sheep and scatters them. 10:13 Because he is a hired hand and is not concerned about the sheep, ¹¹  he runs away. ¹² 

[22:10]  ¹ tn The form is a Niphal participle from the verb “to break” – “is broken,” which means harmed, maimed, or hurt in any way.

[22:10]  ² tn This verb is frequently used with the meaning “to take captive.” The idea here then is that raiders or robbers have carried off the animal.

[22:10]  ³ tn Heb “there is no one seeing.”

[22:31]  ⁴ sn The use of this word here has to do with the laws of the sanctuary and not some advanced view of holiness. The ritual holiness at the sanctuary would prohibit eating anything torn to pieces.

[22:31]  ⁵ tn Or “by wild animals.”

[22:8]  ⁶ tn Heb “a carcass,” referring to the carcass of an animal that has died on its own, not the carcass of an animal slaughtered for sacrifice or killed by wild beasts. This has been clarified in the translation by supplying the phrase “of natural causes”; cf. NAB “that has died of itself”; TEV “that has died a natural death.”

[10:12]  ⁷ sn Jesus contrasts the behavior of the shepherd with that of the hired hand. This is a worker who is simply paid to do a job; he has no other interest in the sheep and is certainly not about to risk his life for them. When they are threatened, he simply runs away.

[10:12]  ⁸ tn Grk “leaves.”

[10:12]  ⁹ tn Or “flees.”

[10:12]  ¹⁰ tn Or “seizes.” The more traditional rendering, “snatches,” has the idea of seizing something by force and carrying it off, which is certainly possible here. However, in the sequence in John 10:12, this action precedes the scattering of the flock of sheep, so “attacks” is preferable.

[10:13]  ¹¹ tn Grk “does not have a care for the sheep.”

[10:13]  ¹² tc The phrase “he runs away” is lacking in several important mss (Ì^{44vid,45,66,75} א A*^vid B D L [W] Θ 1 33 1241 al co). Most likely it was added by a later scribe to improve the readability of vv. 12-13, which is one long sentence in Greek. It has been included in the translation for the same stylistic reasons.