Keluaran 7:3

7:3 But I will harden ¹  Pharaoh’s heart, and although I will multiply ²  my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt,

Keluaran 11:9

11:9 The Lord said to Moses, “Pharaoh will not listen to you, so that my wonders ³  may be multiplied in the land of Egypt.”

Ulangan 4:34

4:34 Or has God ⁴  ever before tried to deliver ⁵  a nation from the middle of another nation, accompanied by judgments, ⁶  signs, wonders, war, strength, power, ⁷  and other very terrifying things like the Lord your God did for you in Egypt before your very eyes?

Ulangan 6:22

6:22 And he ⁸  brought signs and great, devastating wonders on Egypt, on Pharaoh, and on his whole family ⁹  before our very eyes.

Nehemia 9:10

9:10 You performed awesome signs ¹⁰  against Pharaoh, against his servants, and against all the people of his land, for you knew that the Egyptians ¹¹  had acted presumptuously ¹²  against them. You made for yourself a name that is celebrated to this day.

Mazmur 105:27

105:27 They executed his miraculous signs among them, ¹³ 

and his amazing deeds in the land of Ham.

Mazmur 106:22

106:22 amazing feats in the land of Ham,

mighty ¹⁴  acts by the Red Sea.

Mazmur 135:8-9

135:8 He struck down the firstborn of Egypt,

including both men and animals.

135:9 He performed awesome deeds ¹⁵  and acts of judgment ¹⁶ 

in your midst, O Egypt,

against Pharaoh and all his servants.

Yesaya 19:22

19:22 The Lord will strike Egypt, striking and then healing them. They will turn to the Lord and he will listen to their prayers ¹⁷  and heal them.

Yeremia 32:20-21

32:20 You did miracles and amazing deeds in the land of Egypt which have had lasting effect. By this means you gained both in Israel and among humankind a renown that lasts to this day. ¹⁸  32:21 You used your mighty power and your great strength to perform miracles and amazing deeds and to bring great terror on the Egyptians. By this means you brought your people Israel out of the land of Egypt. ¹⁹ 

Kisah Para Rasul 7:36

7:36 This man led them out, performing wonders and miraculous signs ²⁰  in the land of Egypt, ²¹  at ²²  the Red Sea, and in the wilderness ²³  for forty years.

[7:3]  ¹ tn The clause begins with the emphatic use of the pronoun and a disjunctive vav (ו) expressing the contrast “But as for me, I will harden.” They will speak, but God will harden.

[7:3]  sn The imperfect tense of the verb קָשָׁה (qasha) is found only here in these “hardening passages.” The verb (here the Hiphil for “I will harden”) summarizes Pharaoh’s resistance to what God would be doing through Moses – he would stubbornly resist and refuse to submit; he would be resolved in his opposition. See R. R. Wilson, “The Hardening of Pharaoh’s Heart,” CBQ 41 (1979): 18-36.

[7:3]  ² tn The form beginning the second half of the verse is the perfect tense with vav (ו) consecutive, הִרְבֵּיתִי (hirbeti). It could be translated as a simple future in sequence after the imperfect preceding it, but the logical connection is not obvious. Since it carries the force of an imperfect due to the sequence, it may be subordinated as a temporal clause to the next clause that begins in v. 4. That maintains the flow of the argument.

[11:9]  ³ sn The thought is essentially the same as in Exod 7:3-4, but the wonders, or portents, here refer to what is yet to be done in Egypt.

[4:34]  ⁴ tn The translation assumes the reference is to Israel’s God in which case the point is this: God’s intervention in Israel’s experience is unique in the sense that he has never intervened in such power for any other people on earth. The focus is on the uniqueness of Israel’s experience. Some understand the divine name here in a generic sense, “a god,” or “any god.” In this case God’s incomparability is the focus (cf. v. 35, where this theme is expressed).

[4:34]  ⁵ tn Heb “tried to go to take for himself.”

[4:34]  ⁶ tn Heb “by testings.” The reference here is the judgments upon Pharaoh in the form of plagues. See Deut 7:19 (cf. v. 18) and 29:3 (cf. v. 2).

[4:34]  ⁷ tn Heb “by strong hand and by outstretched arm.”

[6:22]  ⁸ tn Heb “the Lord.” See note on the word “his” in v. 17.

[6:22]  ⁹ tn Heb “house,” referring to the entire household.

[9:10]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “signs and wonders.” This phrase is a hendiadys. The second noun functions adjectivally, while the first noun retains its full nominal sense: “awesome signs” or “miraculous signs.”

[9:10]  ¹¹ tn Heb “they”; the referent (the Egyptians) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[9:10]  ¹² tn Or “arrogantly” (so NASB); NRSV “insolently.”

[105:27]  ¹³ tn Apparently the pronoun refers to “his servants” (i.e., the Israelites, see v. 25).

[106:22]  ¹⁴ tn Or “awe-inspiring.”

[135:9]  ¹⁵ tn Or “signs” (see Ps 65:8).

[135:9]  ¹⁶ tn Or “portents”; “omens” (see Ps 71:7). The Egyptian plagues are alluded to here.

[19:22]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “he will be entreated.” The Niphal has a tolerative sense here, “he will allow himself to be entreated.”

[32:20]  ¹⁸ tn Or “You did miracles and amazing deeds in the land of Egypt. And you continue to do them until this day both in Israel and among mankind. By this mean you have gained a renown…” The translation here follows the syntactical understanding reflected also in NJPS. The Hebrew text reads: “you did miracles and marvelous acts in the land of Egypt until this day and in Israel and in mankind and you made for yourself a name as this day.” The majority of English versions and commentaries understand the phrases “until this day and in Israel and in mankind” to be an elliptical sentence with the preceding verb and objects supplied as reflected in the alternate translation. However, the emphasis on the miraculous deeds in Egypt in this section both before and after this elliptical phrase and the dominant usage of the terms “signs and wonders” to refer to the plagues and other miraculous signs in Egypt calls this interpretation into question. The key here is understanding “both in Israel and in mankind” as an example of a casus pendens construction (a dangling subject, object, or other modifier) before a conjunction introducing the main clause (cf. GKC 327 §111.h and 458 §143.d and compare the usage in Jer 6:19; 33:24; 1 Kgs 15:13). This verse is the topic sentence which is developed further in v. 21 and initiates a narrative history of the distant past that continues until v. 22b where reference is made to the long history of disobedience which has led to the present crisis.

[32:21]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “You brought your people Israel out of the land of Egypt with signs and wonders and with a mighty hand and with outstretched arm and with great terror.” For the figurative expressions involved here see the marginal notes on 27:5. The sentence has been broken down to better conform to contemporary English style.

[7:36]  ²⁰ tn Here the context indicates the miraculous nature of the signs mentioned.

[7:36]  sn Performing wonders and miraculous signs. Again Moses acted like Jesus. The phrase appears 9 times in Acts (2:19, 22, 43; 4:30; 5:12; 6:8; 7:36; 14:3; 15:12).

[7:36]  ²¹ tn Or simply “in Egypt.” The phrase “the land of” could be omitted as unnecessary or redundant.

[7:36]  ²² tn Grk “and at,” but καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.

[7:36]  ²³ tn Or “desert.”