Imamat 2:4

Processed Grain Offerings

2:4 “‘When you present an offering of grain baked in an oven, it must be made of ¹  choice wheat flour baked into unleavened loaves ²  mixed with olive oil or ³  unleavened wafers smeared ⁴  with olive oil.

Imamat 5:11

5:11 “‘If he cannot afford ⁵  two turtledoves or two young pigeons, ⁶  he must bring as his offering for his sin which he has committed ⁷  a tenth of an ephah ⁸  of choice wheat flour ⁹  for a sin offering. He must not place olive oil on it and he must not put frankincense on it, because it is a sin offering.

Imamat 6:15

6:15 and the priest ¹⁰  must take up with his hand some of the choice wheat flour of the grain offering ¹¹  and some of its olive oil, and all of the frankincense that is on the grain offering, and he must offer its memorial portion ¹²  up in smoke on the altar ¹³  as a soothing aroma to the Lord. ¹⁴ 

Imamat 7:12

7:12 If he presents it on account of thanksgiving, ¹⁵  along with the thank offering sacrifice he must present unleavened loaves mixed with olive oil, unleavened wafers smeared with olive oil, ¹⁶  and well soaked ¹⁷  ring-shaped loaves made of choice wheat flour ¹⁸  mixed with olive oil.

Imamat 14:10

The Eighth Day Atonement Rituals

14:10 “On the eighth day he ¹⁹  must take two flawless male lambs, one flawless yearling female lamb, three-tenths of an ephah of choice wheat flour as a grain offering mixed with olive oil, ²⁰  and one log of olive oil, ²¹ 

Imamat 14:21

The Eighth Day Atonement Rituals for the Poor Person

14:21 “If the person is poor and does not have sufficient means, ²²  he must take one male lamb as a guilt offering for a wave offering to make atonement for himself, one-tenth of an ephah of choice wheat flour mixed with olive oil for a grain offering, a log of olive oil, ²³ 

Imamat 23:13

23:13 along with its grain offering, two tenths of an ephah of ²⁴  choice wheat flour ²⁵  mixed with olive oil, as a gift to the Lord, a soothing aroma, ²⁶  and its drink offering, one fourth of a hin of wine. ²⁷ 

Imamat 23:17

23:17 From the places where you live you must bring two loaves of ²⁸  bread for a wave offering; they must be made from two tenths of an ephah of fine wheat flour, baked with yeast, ²⁹  as first fruits to the Lord.

[2:4]  ¹ tn The insertion of the words “it must be made of” is justified by the context and the expressed words “it shall be made of” in vv. 7 and 8 below.

[2:4]  ² sn These “loaves” were either “ring-shaped” (HALOT 317 s.v. חַלָּה) or “perforated” (BDB 319 s.v. חַלָּה; cf. J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:184).

[2:4]  ³ tn Heb “and.” Here the conjunction vav (ו) has an alternative sense (“or”).

[2:4]  ⁴ tn The Hebrew word מְשֻׁחִים (mÿshukhim) translated here as “smeared” is often translated “anointed” in other contexts. Cf. TEV “brushed with olive oil” (CEV similar).

[5:11]  ⁵ tn Heb “and if his hand does not reach [or is not sufficient] to”; cf. NASB “if his means are insufficient for.” The expression is the same as that in Lev 5:7 above except for the verb: נָשַׂג (nasag, “to collect, to reach, to be sufficient”) is used here, but נָגַע (nagah, “to touch, to reach”) is used in v. 7. Smr has the former in both v. 7 and 11.

[5:11]  ⁶ tn See the note on Lev 1:14 above (cf. also 5:7).

[5:11]  ⁷ tn Heb “and he shall bring his offering which he sinned.” Like the similar expression in v. 7 above (see the note there), this is an abbreviated form of Lev 5:6, “and he shall bring his [penalty for] guilt to the Lord for his sin which he committed.” Here the words “to the Lord for his sin” have been left out, and “his [penalty for] guilt” has been changed to “his offering.”

[5:11]  ⁸ sn A tenth of an ephah would be about 2.3 liters, one day’s ration for a single person (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:306). English versions handle the amount somewhat differently, cf. NCV “about two quarts”; TEV “one kilogramme”; CEV “two pounds.”

[5:11]  ⁹ tn See the note on Lev 2:1 above.

[6:15]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “and he”; the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity. The “he” refers to the officiating priest. A similar shift between singular and plural occurs in Lev 1:7-9, but see the note on Lev 1:7 and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 89 for the possibility of textual corruption.

[6:15]  ¹¹ tn Heb “shall take up from it with his hand some of the choice wheat flour of the grain offering.”

[6:15]  ¹² sn See the note on Lev 2:2.

[6:15]  ¹³ tc Smr reading, which includes the locative ה (hey, translated “on” the altar), is preferred here. This is the normal construction with the verb “offer up in smoke” in Lev 1-7 (see the note on Lev 1:9).

[6:15]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “and he shall offer up in smoke [on] the altar a soothing aroma, its memorial portion, to the Lord.”

[7:12]  ¹⁵ tn Or “for a thank offering.”

[7:12]  ¹⁶ tn See the notes on Lev 2:4.

[7:12]  ¹⁷ tn See the note on Lev 6:21 [6:14 HT].

[7:12]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “choice wheat flour well soaked ring-shaped loaves.” See the note on Lev 2:1.

[14:10]  ¹⁹ tn The subject “he” probably refers to the formerly diseased person in this case (see the notes on Lev 1:5a, 6a, and 9a).

[14:10]  ²⁰ tn This term is often rendered “fine flour,” but it refers specifically to wheat as opposed to barley (B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 10) and, although the translation “flour” is used here, it may indicate “grits” rather than finely ground flour (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:179; see the note on Lev 2:1). The unit of measure is most certainly an “ephah” even though it is not stated explicitly (see, e.g., Num 28:5; cf. 15:4, 6, 8), and three-tenths of an ephah would amount to about a gallon, or perhaps one-third of a bushel (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 196; Milgrom, 845). Since the normal amount of flour for a lamb is one-tenth of an ephah (Num 28:4-5; cf. 15:4), three-tenths is about right for the three lambs offered in Lev 14:10-20.

[14:10]  ²¹ tn A “log” (לֹג, log) of oil is about one-sixth of a liter, or one-third of a pint, or two-thirds of a cup.

[14:21]  ²² tn Heb “and his hand does not reach”; NAB, NRSV “and cannot afford so much (afford these NIV).”

[14:21]  ²³ tn See the notes on v. 10 above.

[23:13]  ²⁴ sn See the note on Lev 5:11.

[23:13]  ²⁵ sn See the note on Lev 2:1.

[23:13]  ²⁶ sn See the note on Lev 1:9.

[23:13]  ²⁷ tn Heb “wine, one fourth of the hin.” A pre-exilic hin is about 3.6 liters (= ca. 1 quart), so one fourth of a hin would be about one cup.

[23:17]  ²⁸ tc Smr, LXX, Syriac, Tg. Onq., and Tg. Ps.-J. insert the word חַלּוֹת (khallot, “loaves”; cf. Lev 2:4 and the note there). Even though “loaves” is not explicit in the MT, the number “two” suggests that these are discrete units, not just a measure of flour, so “loaves” should be assumed even in the MT.

[23:17]  ²⁹ tn Heb “with leaven.” The noun “leaven” is traditional in English versions (cf. KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV), but “yeast” is more commonly used today.