Imamat 26:14-46
Konteks26:14 “‘If, however, 1 you do not obey me and keep 2 all these commandments – 26:15 if you reject my statutes and abhor my regulations so that you do not keep 3 all my commandments and you break my covenant – 26:16 I for my part 4 will do this to you: I will inflict horror on you, consumption and fever, which diminish eyesight and drain away the vitality of life. 5 You will sow your seed in vain because 6 your enemies will eat it. 7 26:17 I will set my face against you. You will be struck down before your enemies, those who hate you will rule over you, and you will flee when there is no one pursuing you.
26:18 “‘If, in spite of all these things, 8 you do not obey me, I will discipline you seven times more on account of your sins. 9 26:19 I will break your strong pride and make your sky like iron and your land like bronze. 26:20 Your strength will be used up in vain, your land will not give its yield, and the trees of the land 10 will not produce their fruit.
26:21 “‘If you walk in hostility against me 11 and are not willing to obey me, I will increase your affliction 12 seven times according to your sins. 26:22 I will send the wild animals 13 against you and they will bereave you of your children, 14 annihilate your cattle, and diminish your population 15 so that your roads will become deserted.
26:23 “‘If in spite of these things 16 you do not allow yourselves to be disciplined and you walk in hostility against me, 17 26:24 I myself will also walk in hostility against you and strike you 18 seven times on account of your sins. 26:25 I will bring on you an avenging sword, a covenant vengeance. 19 Although 20 you will gather together into your cities, I will send pestilence among you and you will be given into enemy hands. 21 26:26 When I break off your supply of bread, 22 ten women will bake your bread in one oven; they will ration your bread by weight, 23 and you will eat and not be satisfied.
26:27 “‘If in spite of this 24 you do not obey me but walk in hostility against me, 25 26:28 I will walk in hostile rage against you 26 and I myself will also discipline you seven times on account of your sins. 26:29 You will eat the flesh of your sons and the flesh of your daughters. 27 26:30 I will destroy your high places and cut down your incense altars, 28 and I will stack your dead bodies on top of the lifeless bodies of your idols. 29 I will abhor you. 30 26:31 I will lay your cities waste 31 and make your sanctuaries desolate, and I will refuse to smell your soothing aromas. 26:32 I myself will make the land desolate and your enemies who live in it will be appalled. 26:33 I will scatter you among the nations and unsheathe the sword 32 after you, so your land will become desolate and your cities will become a waste.
26:34 “‘Then the land will make up for 33 its Sabbaths all the days it lies desolate while you are in the land of your enemies; then the land will rest and make up its Sabbaths. 26:35 All the days of the desolation it will have the rest it did not have 34 on your Sabbaths when you lived on it.
26:36 “‘As for 35 the ones who remain among you, I will bring despair into their hearts in the lands of their enemies. The sound of a blowing leaf will pursue them, and they will flee as one who flees the sword and fall down even though there is no pursuer. 26:37 They will stumble over each other as those who flee before a sword, though 36 there is no pursuer, and there will be no one to take a stand 37 for you before your enemies. 26:38 You will perish among the nations; the land of your enemies will consume you.
26:39 “‘As for the ones who remain among you, they will rot away because of 38 their iniquity in the lands of your enemies, and they will also rot away because of their ancestors’ 39 iniquities which are with them. 26:40 However, when 40 they confess their iniquity and their ancestors’ iniquity which they committed by trespassing against me, 41 by which they also walked 42 in hostility against me 43 26:41 (and I myself will walk in hostility against them and bring them into the land of their enemies), and 44 then their uncircumcised hearts become humbled and they make up for 45 their iniquity, 26:42 I will remember my covenant with Jacob and also my covenant with Isaac and also my covenant with Abraham, 46 and I will remember the land. 26:43 The land will be abandoned by them 47 in order that it may make up for 48 its Sabbaths while it is made desolate 49 without them, 50 and they will make up for their iniquity because 51 they have rejected my regulations and have abhorred 52 my statutes. 26:44 In spite of this, however, when they are in the land of their enemies I will not reject them and abhor them to make a complete end of them, to break my covenant with them, for I am the Lord their God. 26:45 I will remember for them the covenant with their ancestors 53 whom I brought out from the land of Egypt in the sight of the nations to be their God. I am the Lord.’”
26:46 These are the statutes, regulations, and instructions which the Lord established 54 between himself and the Israelites at Mount Sinai through 55 Moses.
Ulangan 28:15-68
Konteks28:15 “But if you ignore 56 the Lord your God and are not careful to keep all his commandments and statutes I am giving you today, then all these curses will come upon you in full force: 57 28:16 You will be cursed in the city and cursed in the field. 28:17 Your basket and your mixing bowl will be cursed. 28:18 Your children 58 will be cursed, as well as the produce of your soil, the calves of your herds, and the lambs of your flocks. 28:19 You will be cursed when you come in and cursed when you go out. 59
28:20 “The Lord will send on you a curse, confusing you and opposing you 60 in everything you undertake 61 until you are destroyed and quickly perish because of the evil of your deeds, in that you have forsaken me. 62 28:21 The Lord will plague you with deadly diseases 63 until he has completely removed you from the land you are about to possess. 28:22 He 64 will afflict you with weakness, 65 fever, inflammation, infection, 66 sword, 67 blight, and mildew; these will attack you until you perish. 28:23 The 68 sky 69 above your heads will be bronze and the earth beneath you iron. 28:24 The Lord will make the rain of your land powder and dust; it will come down on you from the sky until you are destroyed.
28:25 “The Lord will allow you to be struck down before your enemies; you will attack them from one direction but flee from them in seven directions and will become an object of terror 70 to all the kingdoms of the earth. 28:26 Your carcasses will be food for every bird of the sky and wild animal of the earth, and there will be no one to chase them off. 28:27 The Lord will afflict you with the boils of Egypt and with tumors, eczema, and scabies, all of which cannot be healed. 28:28 The Lord will also subject you to madness, blindness, and confusion of mind. 71 28:29 You will feel your way along at noon like the blind person does in darkness and you will not succeed in anything you do; 72 you will be constantly oppressed and continually robbed, with no one to save you. 28:30 You will be engaged to a woman and another man will rape 73 her. You will build a house but not live in it. You will plant a vineyard but not even begin to use it. 28:31 Your ox will be slaughtered before your very eyes but you will not eat of it. Your donkey will be stolen from you as you watch and will not be returned to you. Your flock of sheep will be given to your enemies and there will be no one to save you. 28:32 Your sons and daughters will be given to another people while you look on in vain all day, and you will be powerless to do anything about it. 74 28:33 As for the produce of your land and all your labor, a people you do not know will consume it, and you will be nothing but oppressed and crushed for the rest of your lives. 28:34 You will go insane from seeing all this. 28:35 The Lord will afflict you in your knees and on your legs with painful, incurable boils – from the soles of your feet to the top of your head. 28:36 The Lord will force you and your king 75 whom you will appoint over you to go away to a people whom you and your ancestors have not known, and you will serve other gods of wood and stone there. 28:37 You will become an occasion of horror, a proverb, and an object of ridicule to all the peoples to whom the Lord will drive you.
28:38 “You will take much seed to the field but gather little harvest, because locusts will consume it. 28:39 You will plant vineyards and cultivate them, but you will not drink wine or gather in grapes, because worms will eat them. 28:40 You will have olive trees throughout your territory but you will not anoint yourself with olive oil, because the olives will drop off the trees while still unripe. 76 28:41 You will bear sons and daughters but not keep them, because they will be taken into captivity. 28:42 Whirring locusts 77 will take over every tree and all the produce of your soil. 28:43 The foreigners 78 who reside among you will become higher and higher over you and you will become lower and lower. 28:44 They will lend to you but you will not lend to them; they will become the head and you will become the tail!
28:45 All these curses will fall on you, pursuing and overtaking you until you are destroyed, because you would not obey the Lord your God by keeping his commandments and statutes that he has given 79 you. 28:46 These curses 80 will be a perpetual sign and wonder with reference to you and your descendants. 81
28:47 “Because you have not served the Lord your God joyfully and wholeheartedly with the abundance of everything you have, 28:48 instead in hunger, thirst, nakedness, and poverty 82 you will serve your enemies whom the Lord will send against you. They 83 will place an iron yoke on your neck until they have destroyed you. 28:49 The Lord will raise up a distant nation against you, one from the other side of the earth 84 as the eagle flies, 85 a nation whose language you will not understand, 28:50 a nation of stern appearance that will have no regard for the elderly or pity for the young. 28:51 They 86 will devour the offspring of your livestock and the produce of your soil until you are destroyed. They will not leave you with any grain, new wine, olive oil, calves of your herds, 87 or lambs of your flocks 88 until they have destroyed you. 28:52 They will besiege all of your villages 89 until all of your high and fortified walls collapse – those in which you put your confidence throughout the land. They will besiege all your villages throughout the land the Lord your God has given you. 28:53 You will then eat your own offspring, 90 the flesh of the sons and daughters the Lord your God has given you, because of the severity of the siege 91 by which your enemies will constrict you. 28:54 The man among you who is by nature tender and sensitive will turn against his brother, his beloved wife, and his remaining children. 28:55 He will withhold from all of them his children’s flesh that he is eating (since there is nothing else left), because of the severity of the siege by which your enemy will constrict 92 you in your villages. 28:56 Likewise, the most 93 tender and delicate of your women, who would never think of putting even the sole of her foot on the ground because of her daintiness, 94 will turn against her beloved husband, her sons and daughters, 28:57 and will secretly eat her afterbirth 95 and her newborn children 96 (since she has nothing else), 97 because of the severity of the siege by which your enemy will constrict you in your villages.
28:58 “If you refuse to obey 98 all the words of this law, the things written in this scroll, and refuse to fear this glorious and awesome name, the Lord your God, 28:59 then the Lord will increase your punishments and those of your descendants – great and long-lasting afflictions and severe, enduring illnesses. 28:60 He will infect you with all the diseases of Egypt 99 that you dreaded, and they will persistently afflict you. 100 28:61 Moreover, the Lord will bring upon you every kind of sickness and plague not mentioned in this scroll of commandments, 101 until you have perished. 28:62 There will be very few of you left, though at one time you were as numerous as the stars in the sky, 102 because you will have disobeyed 103 the Lord your God. 28:63 This is what will happen: Just as the Lord delighted to do good for you and make you numerous, he 104 will take delight in destroying and decimating you. You will be uprooted from the land you are about to possess. 28:64 The Lord will scatter you among all nations, from one end of the earth to the other. There you will worship other gods that neither you nor your ancestors have known, gods of wood and stone. 28:65 Among those nations you will have no rest nor will there be a place of peaceful rest for the soles of your feet, for there the Lord will give you an anxious heart, failing eyesight, and a spirit of despair. 28:66 Your life will hang in doubt before you; you will be terrified by night and day and will have no certainty of surviving from one day to the next. 105 28:67 In the morning you will say, ‘If only it were evening!’ And in the evening you will say, ‘I wish it were morning!’ because of the things you will fear and the things you will see. 28:68 Then the Lord will make you return to Egypt by ship, over a route I said to you that you would never see again. There you will sell yourselves to your enemies as male and female slaves, but no one will buy you.”
Ulangan 29:18-28
Konteks29:18 Beware that the heart of no man, woman, clan, or tribe among you turns away from the Lord our God today to pursue and serve the gods of those nations; beware that there is among you no root producing poisonous and bitter fruit. 106 29:19 When such a person 107 hears the words of this oath he secretly 108 blesses himself 109 and says, “I will have peace though I continue to walk with a stubborn spirit.” 110 This will destroy 111 the watered ground with the parched. 112 29:20 The Lord will be unwilling to forgive him, and his intense anger 113 will rage 114 against that man; all the curses 115 written in this scroll will fall upon him 116 and the Lord will obliterate his name from memory. 117 29:21 The Lord will single him out 118 for judgment 119 from all the tribes of Israel according to all the curses of the covenant written in this scroll of the law. 29:22 The generation to come – your descendants who will rise up after you, as well as the foreigner who will come from distant places – will see 120 the afflictions of that land and the illnesses that the Lord has brought on it. 29:23 The whole land will be covered with brimstone, salt, and burning debris; it will not be planted nor will it sprout or produce grass. It will resemble the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, Admah and Zeboiim, which the Lord destroyed in his intense anger. 121 29:24 Then all the nations will ask, “Why has the Lord done all this to this land? What is this fierce, heated display of anger 122 all about?” 29:25 Then people will say, “Because they abandoned the covenant of the Lord, the God of their ancestors, which he made with them when he brought them out of the land of Egypt. 29:26 They went and served other gods and worshiped them, gods they did not know and that he did not permit them to worship. 123 29:27 That is why the Lord’s anger erupted against this land, bringing on it all the curses 124 written in this scroll. 29:28 So the Lord has uprooted them from their land in anger, wrath, and great rage and has deported them to another land, as is clear today.”
Ulangan 30:18
Konteks30:18 I declare to you this very day that you will certainly 125 perish! You will not extend your time in the land you are crossing the Jordan to possess. 126
Ulangan 31:16-18
Konteks31:16 Then the Lord said to Moses, “You are about to die, 127 and then these people will begin to prostitute themselves with the foreign gods of the land into which they 128 are going. They 129 will reject 130 me and break my covenant that I have made with them. 131 31:17 At that time 132 my anger will erupt against them 133 and I will abandon them and hide my face from them until they are devoured. Many disasters and distresses will overcome 134 them 135 so that they 136 will say at that time, ‘Have not these disasters 137 overcome us 138 because our 139 God is not among us 140 ?’ 31:18 But I will certainly 141 hide myself at that time because of all the wickedness they 142 will have done by turning to other gods.
Ulangan 32:15-28
Konteks32:15 But Jeshurun 143 became fat and kicked,
you 144 got fat, thick, and stuffed!
Then he deserted the God who made him,
and treated the Rock who saved him with contempt.
32:16 They made him jealous with other gods, 145
they enraged him with abhorrent idols. 146
32:17 They sacrificed to demons, not God,
to gods they had not known;
to new gods who had recently come along,
gods your ancestors 147 had not known about.
32:18 You have forgotten 148 the Rock who fathered you,
and put out of mind the God who gave you birth.
32:19 But the Lord took note and despised them
because his sons and daughters enraged him.
32:20 He said, “I will reject them, 149
I will see what will happen to them;
for they are a perverse generation,
children 150 who show no loyalty.
32:21 They have made me jealous 151 with false gods, 152
enraging me with their worthless gods; 153
so I will make them jealous with a people they do not recognize, 154
with a nation slow to learn 155 I will enrage them.
32:22 For a fire has been kindled by my anger,
and it burns to lowest Sheol; 156
it consumes the earth and its produce,
and ignites the foundations of the mountains.
32:23 I will increase their 157 disasters,
I will use up my arrows on them.
32:24 They will be starved by famine,
eaten by plague, and bitterly stung; 158
I will send the teeth of wild animals against them,
along with the poison of creatures that crawl in the dust.
32:25 The sword will make people childless outside,
and terror will do so inside;
they will destroy 159 both the young man and the virgin,
the infant and the gray-haired man.
32:26 “I said, ‘I want to cut them in pieces. 160
I want to make people forget they ever existed.
32:27 But I fear the reaction 161 of their enemies,
for 162 their adversaries would misunderstand
and say, “Our power is great, 163
and the Lord has not done all this!”’
32:28 They are a nation devoid of wisdom,
and there is no understanding among them.
Mazmur 74:20
Konteks74:20 Remember your covenant promises, 164
for the dark regions of the earth are full of places where violence rules. 165
Mazmur 79:2-3
Konteks79:2 They have given the corpses of your servants
to the birds of the sky; 166
the flesh of your loyal followers
to the beasts of the earth.
79:3 They have made their blood flow like water
all around Jerusalem, and there is no one to bury them. 167
Yeremia 15:9
Konteks15:9 The mother who had seven children 168 will grow faint.
All the breath will go out of her. 169
Her pride and joy will be taken from her in the prime of their life.
It will seem as if the sun had set while it was still day. 170
She will suffer shame and humiliation. 171
I will cause any of them who are still left alive
to be killed in war by the onslaughts of their enemies,” 172
says the Lord.
Yeremia 18:21
Konteks18:21 So let their children die of starvation.
Let them be cut down by the sword. 173
Let their wives lose their husbands and children.
Let the older men die of disease 174
and the younger men die by the sword in battle.
Ratapan 2:21-22
Konteksש (Sin/Shin)
2:21 The young boys and old men
lie dead on the ground in the streets.
My young women 175 and my young men
have fallen by the sword.
You killed them when you were angry; 176
you slaughtered them without mercy. 177
ת (Tav)
2:22 As if it were a feast day, you call 178
enemies 179 to terrify me 180 on every side. 181
On the day of the Lord’s anger
no one escaped or survived.
My enemy has finished off
[26:14] 2 tn Heb “and do not do.”
[26:16] 4 tn Or “I also” (see HALOT 76 s.v. אַף 6.b).
[26:16] 5 tn Heb “soul.” These expressions may refer either to the physical effects of consumption and fever as the rendering in the text suggests (e.g., J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 452, 454, “diminishing eyesight and loss of appetite”), or perhaps the more psychological effects, “which exhausts the eyes” because of anxious hope “and causes depression” (Heb “causes soul [נֶפֶשׁ, nefesh] to pine away”), e.g., B. A. Levine, Leviticus (JPSTC), 185.
[26:16] 6 tn Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) can be considered to have causal force here.
[26:16] 7 tn That is, “your enemies will eat” the produce that grows from the sown seed.
[26:18] 8 tn Heb “And if until these.”
[26:18] 9 tn Heb “I will add to discipline you seven [times] on your sins.”
[26:20] 10 tn Heb “the tree of the land will not give its fruit.” The collective singular has been translated as a plural. Tg. Onq., some medieval Hebrew
[26:21] 11 tn Heb “hostile with me,” but see the added preposition בְּ (bet) on the phrase “in hostility” in v. 24 and 27.
[26:21] 12 tn Heb “your blow, stroke”; cf. TEV “punishment”; NLT “I will inflict you with seven more disasters.”
[26:22] 13 tn Heb “the animal of the field.” This collective singular has been translated as a plural. The expression “animal of the field” refers to a wild (i.e., nondomesticated) animal.
[26:22] 14 tn The words “of your children” are not in the Hebrew text, but are implied.
[26:22] 15 tn Heb “and diminish you.”
[26:23] 16 tn Heb “And if in these.”
[26:23] 17 tn Heb “with me,” but see the added preposition בְּ (bet) on the phrase “in hostility” in vv. 24 and 27.
[26:24] 18 tn Heb “and I myself will also strike you.”
[26:25] 19 tn Heb “vengeance of covenant”; cf. NAB “the avenger of my covenant.”
[26:25] 20 tn Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) has a concessive force in this context.
[26:25] 21 tn Heb “in hand of enemy,” but Tg. Ps.-J. and Tg. Neof. have “in the hands of your enemies” (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 454).
[26:26] 22 tn Heb “When I break to you staff of bread” (KJV, ASV, and NASB all similar).
[26:26] 23 tn Heb “they will return your bread in weight.”
[26:27] 24 tn Heb “And if in this.”
[26:28] 26 tn Heb “in rage of hostility with you”; NASB “with wrathful hostility”; NRSV “I will continue hostile to you in fury”; CEV “I’ll get really furious.”
[26:29] 27 tn Heb “and the flesh of your daughters you will eat.” The phrase “you will eat” has not been repeated in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[26:30] 28 sn Regarding these cultic installations, see the remarks in B. A. Levine, Leviticus (JPSTC), 188, and R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 2:903. The term rendered “incense altars” might better be rendered “sanctuaries [of foreign deities]” or “stelae.”
[26:30] 29 tn The translation reflects the Hebrew wordplay “your corpses…the corpses of your idols.” Since idols, being lifeless, do not really have “corpses,” the translation uses “dead bodies” for people and “lifeless bodies” for the idols.
[26:30] 30 tn Heb “and my soul will abhor you.”
[26:31] 31 tn Heb “And I will give your cities a waste”; NLT “make your cities desolate.”
[26:33] 32 tn Heb “and I will empty sword” (see HALOT 1228 s.v. ריק 3).
[26:34] 33 tn There are two Hebrew roots רָצָה (ratsah), one meaning “to be pleased with; to take pleasure” (HALOT 1280-81 s.v. רצה; cf. “enjoy” in NASB, NIV, NRSV, and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 452), and the other meaning “to restore” (HALOT 1281-82 s.v. II רצה; cf. NAB “retrieve” and B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 189).
[26:35] 34 tn Heb “it shall rest which it did not rest.”
[26:37] 36 tn Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) is used in a concessive sense here.
[26:37] 37 tn The term rendered “to stand up” is a noun, not an infinitive. It occurs only here and appears to designate someone who would take a powerful stand for them against their enemies.
[26:39] 38 tn Heb “in” (so KJV, ASV; also later in this verse).
[26:39] 39 tn Heb “fathers’” (also in the following verse).
[26:40] 40 tn Heb “And.” Many English versions take this to be a conditional clause (“if…”) though there is no conditional particle (see, e.g., NASB, NIV, NRSV; but see the very different rendering in B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 190). The temporal translation offered here (“when”) takes into account the particle אָז (’az, “then”), which occurs twice in v. 41. The obvious contextual contrast between vv. 39 and 40 is expressed by “however” in the translation.
[26:40] 41 tn Heb “in their trespassing which they trespassed in me.” See the note on Lev 5:15, although the term is used in a more technical sense there in relation to the “guilt offering.”
[26:40] 42 tn Heb “and also which they walked.”
[26:41] 44 tn Heb “or then,” although the LXX has “then” and the Syriac “and then.”
[26:41] 45 tn Heb “and then they make up for.” On the verb “make up for” see the note on v. 34 above.
[26:42] 46 tn Heb “my covenant with Abraham I will remember.” The phrase “I will remember” has not been repeated in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[26:43] 47 tn Heb “from them.” The preposition “from” refers here to the agent of the action (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 455).
[26:43] 48 tn The jussive form of the verb with the simple vav (ו) here calls for a translation that expresses purpose.
[26:43] 49 tn The verb is the Hophal infinitive construct with the third feminine singular suffix (GKC 182 §67.y; cf. v. 34).
[26:43] 50 tn Heb “from them.”
[26:43] 51 tn Heb “because and in because,” a double expression, which is used only here and in Ezek 13:10 (without the vav) for emphasis (GKC 492 §158.b).
[26:43] 52 tn Heb “and their soul has abhorred.”
[26:45] 53 tn Heb “covenant of former ones.”
[26:45] sn For similar expressions referring back to the ancestors who refused to follow the stipulations of the Mosaic covenant see, for example, Deut 19:14, Jer 11:10, and Ps 79:8 (see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 192, and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 471).
[26:46] 54 tn Heb “gave” (so NLT); KJV, ASV, NCV “made.”
[26:46] 55 tn Heb “by the hand of” (so KJV).
[28:15] 56 tn Heb “do not hear the voice of.”
[28:15] 57 tn Heb “and overtake you” (so NIV, NRSV); NAB, NLT “and overwhelm you.”
[28:18] 58 tn Heb “the fruit of your womb” (so NAB, NIV, NRSV).
[28:19] 59 sn See note on the similar expression in v. 6.
[28:20] 60 tn Heb “the curse, the confusion, and the rebuke” (NASB and NIV similar); NRSV “disaster, panic, and frustration.”
[28:20] 61 tn Heb “in all the stretching out of your hand.”
[28:20] 62 tc For the MT first person common singular suffix (“me”), the LXX reads either “Lord” (Lucian) or third person masculine singular suffix (“him”; various codices). The MT’s more difficult reading probably represents the original text.
[28:20] tn Heb “the evil of your doings wherein you have forsaken me”; CEV “all because you rejected the Lord.”
[28:21] 63 tn Heb “will cause pestilence to cling to you.”
[28:22] 64 tn Heb “The
[28:22] 65 tn Or perhaps “consumption” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV). The term is from a verbal root that indicates a weakening of one’s physical strength (cf. NAB “wasting”; NIV, NLT “wasting disease”).
[28:22] 66 tn Heb “hot fever”; NIV “scorching heat.”
[28:22] 67 tn Or “drought” (so NIV, NRSV, NLT).
[28:23] 68 tc The MT reads “Your.” The LXX reads “Heaven will be to you.”
[28:23] 69 tn Or “heavens” (also in the following verse). The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heaven(s)” or “sky” depending on the context.
[28:25] 70 tc The meaningless MT reading זַעֲוָה (za’avah) is clearly a transposition of the more commonly attested Hebrew noun זְוָעָה (zÿva’ah, “terror”).
[28:28] 71 tn Heb “heart” (so KJV, NASB).
[28:29] 72 tn Heb “you will not cause your ways to prosper.”
[28:30] 73 tc For MT reading שָׁגַל (shagal, “ravish; violate”), the Syriac, Targum, and Vulgate presume the less violent שָׁכַב (shakhav, “lie with”). The unexpected counterpart to betrothal here favors the originality of the MT.
[28:32] 74 tn Heb “and there will be no power in your hand”; NCV “there will be nothing you can do.”
[28:36] 75 tc The LXX reads the plural “kings.”
[28:40] 76 tn Heb “your olives will drop off” (נָשַׁל, nashal), referring to the olives dropping off before they ripen.
[28:42] 77 tn The Hebrew term denotes some sort of buzzing or whirring insect; some have understood this to be a type of locust (KJV, NIV, CEV), but other insects have also been suggested: “buzzing insects” (NAB); “the cricket” (NASB); “the cicada” (NRSV).
[28:43] 78 tn Heb “the foreigner.” This is a collective singular and has therefore been translated as plural; this includes the pronouns in the following verse, which are also singular in the Hebrew text.
[28:45] 79 tn Heb “commanded”; NAB, NIV, TEV “he gave you.”
[28:46] 80 tn Heb “they”; the referent (the curses mentioned previously) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[28:46] 81 tn Heb “seed” (so KJV, ASV).
[28:48] 82 tn Heb “lack of everything.”
[28:48] 83 tn Heb “he” (also later in this verse). The pronoun is a collective singular referring to the enemies (cf. CEV, NLT). Many translations understand the singular pronoun to refer to the
[28:49] 84 tn Heb “from the end of the earth.”
[28:49] 85 tn Some translations understand this to mean “like an eagle swoops down” (e.g., NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT), comparing the swift attack of an eagle to the attack of the Israelites’ enemies.
[28:51] 86 tn Heb “it” (so NRSV), a collective singular referring to the invading nation (several times in this verse and v. 52).
[28:51] 87 tn Heb “increase of herds.”
[28:51] 88 tn Heb “growth of flocks.”
[28:52] 89 tn Heb “gates,” also in vv. 55, 57.
[28:53] 90 tn Heb “the fruit of your womb” (so NAB, NRSV); NASB “the offspring of your own body.”
[28:53] 91 tn Heb “siege and stress.”
[28:55] 92 tn Heb “besiege,” redundant with the noun “siege.”
[28:56] 93 tc The LXX adds σφόδρα (sfodra, “very”) to bring the description into line with v. 54.
[28:56] 94 tn Heb “delicateness and tenderness.”
[28:57] 95 tn Heb includes “that which comes out from between her feet.”
[28:57] 96 tn Heb “her sons that she will bear.”
[28:57] 97 tn Heb includes “in her need for everything.”
[28:58] 98 tn Heb “If you are not careful to do.”
[28:60] 99 sn These are the plagues the
[28:60] 100 tn Heb “will cling to you” (so NIV); NLT “will claim you.”
[28:61] 101 tn The Hebrew term תּוֹרָה (torah) can refer either (1) to the whole Pentateuch or, more likely, (2) to the book of Deuteronomy or even (3) only to this curse section of the covenant text. “Scroll” better reflects the actual document, since “book” conveys the notion of a bound book with pages to the modern English reader. Cf. KJV, NASB, NRSV “the book of this law”; NIV, NLT “this Book of the Law”; TEV “this book of God’s laws and teachings.”
[28:62] 102 tn Or “heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heaven(s)” or “sky” depending on the context.
[28:62] 103 tn Heb “have not listened to the voice of.”
[28:63] 104 tn Heb “the
[28:66] 105 tn Heb “you will not be confident in your life.” The phrase “from one day to the next” is implied by the following verse.
[29:18] 106 tn Heb “yielding fruit poisonous and wormwood.” The Hebrew noun לַעֲנָה (la’anah) literally means “wormwood” (so KJV, ASV, NAB, NASB), but is used figuratively for anything extremely bitter, thus here “fruit poisonous and bitter.”
[29:19] 107 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the subject of the warning in v. 18) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[29:19] 108 tn Heb “in his heart.”
[29:19] 109 tn Or “invokes a blessing on himself.” A formalized word of blessing is in view, the content of which appears later in the verse.
[29:19] 111 tn Heb “thus destroying.” For stylistic reasons the translation begins a new sentence here.
[29:19] 112 tn Heb “the watered with the parched.” The word “ground” is implied. The exact meaning of the phrase is uncertain although it appears to be figurative. This appears to be a proverbial observation employing a figure of speech (a merism) suggesting totality. That is, the Israelite who violates the letter and even spirit of the covenant will harm not only himself but everything he touches – “the watered and the parched.” Cf. CEV “you will cause the rest of Israel to be punished along with you.”
[29:20] 113 tn Heb “the wrath of the
[29:20] 114 tn Heb “smoke,” or “smolder.”
[29:20] 115 tn Heb “the entire oath.”
[29:20] 116 tn Or “will lie in wait against him.”
[29:20] 117 tn Heb “blot out his name from under the sky.”
[29:21] 118 tn Heb “set him apart.”
[29:21] 119 tn Heb “for evil”; NAB “for doom”; NASB “for adversity”; NIV “for disaster”; NRSV “for calamity.”
[29:22] 120 tn Heb “will say and see.” One expects a quotation to appear, but it seems to be omitted. To avoid confusion in the translation, the verb “will say” is omitted.
[29:23] 121 tn Heb “the anger and the wrath.” This construction is a hendiadys intended to intensify the emotion.
[29:24] 122 tn Heb “this great burning of anger”; KJV “the heat of this great anger.”
[29:26] 123 tn Heb “did not assign to them”; NASB, NRSV “had not allotted to them.”
[29:27] 124 tn Heb “the entire curse.”
[30:18] 125 tn The Hebrew text uses the infinitive absolute for emphasis, which the translation indicates with “certainly.”
[30:18] 126 tn Heb “to go there to possess it.”
[31:16] 127 tn Heb “lie down with your fathers” (so NASB); NRSV “ancestors.”
[31:16] 128 tn Heb “he.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “they,” which is necessary in any case in the translation because of contemporary English style. The third person singular also occurs in the Hebrew text twice more in this verse, three times in v. 17, once in v. 18, five times in v. 20, and four times in v. 21. Each time it is translated as third person plural for stylistic reasons.
[31:16] 129 tn Heb “he.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “they.” See note on the first occurrence of “they” in v. 16.
[31:16] 130 tn Or “abandon” (TEV, NLT).
[31:16] 131 tn Heb “him.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “them.” See note on the first occurrence of “they” in v. 16.
[31:17] 132 tn Heb “on that day.” This same expression also appears later in the verse and in v. 18.
[31:17] 133 tn Heb “him.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “them.” See note on the first occurrence of “they” in v. 16.
[31:17] 134 tn Heb “find,” “encounter.”
[31:17] 135 tn Heb “him.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “them.” See note on the first occurrence of “they” in v. 16.
[31:17] 136 tn Heb “he.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “they.” See note on the first occurrence of “they” in v. 16.
[31:17] 138 tn Heb “me.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “us,” which is necessary in any case in the translation because of contemporary English style.
[31:17] 140 tn Heb “me.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “us,” which is necessary in any case in the translation because of contemporary English style.
[31:18] 141 tn The Hebrew text uses the infinitive absolute for emphasis, which the translation indicates with “certainly.”
[31:18] 142 tn Heb “he.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “they.” See note on the first occurrence of “they” in v. 16.
[32:15] 143 tn To make the continuity of the referent clear, some English versions substitute “Jacob” here (NAB, NRSV) while others replace “Jeshurun” with “Israel” (NCV, CEV, NLT) or “the Lord’s people” (TEV).
[32:15] sn Jeshurun is a term of affection derived from the Hebrew verb יָשַׁר (yashar, “be upright”). Here it speaks of Israel “in an ideal situation, with its ‘uprightness’ due more to God’s help than his own efforts” (M. Mulder, TDOT 6:475).
[32:15] 144 tc The LXX reads the third person masculine singular (“he”) for the MT second person masculine singular (“you”), but such alterations are unnecessary in Hebrew poetic texts where subjects fluctuate frequently and without warning.
[32:16] 145 tc Heb “with strange (things).” The Vulgate actually supplies diis (“gods”).
[32:16] 146 tn Heb “abhorrent (things)” (cf. NRSV). A number of English versions understand this as referring to “idols” (NAB, NIV, NCV, CEV), while NLT supplies “acts.”
[32:17] 147 tn Heb “your fathers.”
[32:18] 148 tc The Hebrew text is corrupt here; the translation follows the suggestion offered in HALOT 1477 s.v. שׁיה. Cf. NASB, NLT “You neglected”; NIV “You deserted”; NRSV “You were unmindful of.”
[32:20] 149 tn Heb “I will hide my face from them.”
[32:20] 150 tn Heb “sons” (so NAB, NASB); TEV “unfaithful people.”
[32:21] 151 sn They have made me jealous. The “jealousy” of God is not a spirit of pettiness prompted by his insecurity, but righteous indignation caused by the disloyalty of his people to his covenant grace (see note on the word “God” in Deut 4:24). The jealousy of Israel, however (see next line), will be envy because of God’s lavish attention to another nation. This is an ironic wordplay. See H. Peels, NIDOTTE 3:938-39.
[32:21] 152 tn Heb “what is not a god,” or a “nondeity.”
[32:21] 153 tn Heb “their empty (things).” The Hebrew term used here to refer pejoratively to the false gods is הֶבֶל (hevel, “futile” or “futility”), used frequently in Ecclesiastes (e.g., Eccl 1:1, “Futile! Futile!” laments the Teacher, “Absolutely futile! Everything is futile!”).
[32:21] 154 tn Heb “what is not a people,” or a “nonpeople.” The “nonpeople” (לֹא־עָם, lo’-’am) referred to here are Gentiles who someday would become God’s people in the fullest sense (cf. Hos 1:9; 2:23).
[32:21] 155 tn Heb “a foolish nation” (so KJV, NAB, NRSV); NIV “a nation that has no understanding”; NLT “I will provoke their fury by blessing the foolish Gentiles.”
[32:22] 156 tn Or “to the lowest depths of the earth”; cf. NAB “to the depths of the nether world”; NIV “to the realm of death below”; NLT “to the depths of the grave.”
[32:22] sn Sheol refers here not to hell and hell-fire – a much later concept – but to the innermost parts of the earth, as low down as one could get. The parallel with “the foundations of the mountains” makes this clear (cf. Pss 9:17; 16:10; 139:8; Isa 14:9, 15; Amos 9:2).
[32:23] 157 tn Heb “upon them.”
[32:24] 158 tn The Hebrew term קֶטֶב (qetev) is probably metaphorical here for the sting of a disease (HALOT 1091-92 s.v.).
[32:25] 159 tn A verb is omitted here in the Hebrew text; for purposes of English style one suitable to the context is supplied.
[32:26] 160 tc The LXX reads “I said I would scatter them.” This reading is followed by a number of English versions (e.g., KJV, ASV, NIV, NCV, NRSV, NLT, CEV).
[32:27] 163 tn Heb “Our hand is high.” Cf. NAB “Our own hand won the victory.”
[74:20] 164 tc Heb “look at the covenant.” The LXX reads “your covenant,” which seems to assume a second person pronominal suffix. The suffix may have been accidentally omitted by haplography. Note that the following word (כִּי) begins with kaf (כ).
[74:20] 165 tn Heb “for the dark places of the earth are full of dwelling places of violence.” The “dark regions” are probably the lands where the people have been exiled (see C. A. Briggs and E. G. Briggs, Psalms [ICC], 2:157). In some contexts “dark regions” refers to Sheol (Ps 88:6) or to hiding places likened to Sheol (Ps 143:3; Lam 3:6).
[79:2] 166 tn Heb “[as] food for the birds of the sky.”
[79:3] 167 tn Heb “they have poured out their blood like water, all around Jerusalem, and there is no one burying.”
[15:9] 168 tn Heb “who gave birth to seven.”
[15:9] sn To have seven children was considered a blessing and a source of pride and honor (Ruth 4:15; 1 Sam 2:5).
[15:9] 169 tn The meaning of this line is debated. Some understand this line to mean “she has breathed out her life” (cf., e.g., BDB 656 s.v. נָפַח and 656 s.v. ֶנפֶשׁ 1.c). However, as several commentaries have noted (e.g., W. McKane, Jeremiah [ICC], 1:341; J. Bright, Jeremiah [AB], 109) it makes little sense to talk about her suffering shame and embarrassment if she has breathed her last. Both the Greek and Latin versions understand “soul” not as the object but as the subject and the idea being one of fainting under despair. This idea seems likely in light of the parallelism. Bright suggests the phrase means either “she gasped out her breath” or “her throat gasped.” The former is more likely. One might also render “she fainted dead away,” but that idiom might not be familiar to all readers.
[15:9] 170 tn Heb “Her sun went down while it was still day.”
[15:9] sn The sun was the source of light and hence has associations with life, prosperity, health, and blessing. The premature setting of the sun which brought these seems apropos as metaphor for the loss of her children which were not only a source of joy, help, and honor. Two references where “sun” is used figuratively, Ps 84:11 (84:12 HT) and Mal 4:2, may be helpful here.
[15:9] 171 sn She has lost her position of honor and the source of her pride. For the concepts here see 1 Sam 2:5.
[15:9] 172 tn Heb “I will deliver those of them that survive to the sword before their enemies.” The referent of “them” is ambiguous. Does it refer to the children of the widow (nearer context) or the people themselves (more remote context, v. 7)? Perhaps it was meant to include both. Verse seven spoke of the destruction of the people and the killing off of the children.
[18:21] 173 tn Heb “be poured out to the hand [= power] of the sword.” For this same expression see Ezek 35:5; Ps 63:10 (63:11 HT). Comparison with those two passages show that it involved death by violent means, perhaps death in battle.
[18:21] 174 tn Heb “be slain by death.” The commentaries are generally agreed that this refers to death by disease or plague as in 15:2. Hence, the reference is to the deadly trio of sword, starvation, and disease which were often connected with war. See the notes on 15:2.
[2:21] 175 tn Heb “virgins.” The term “virgin” probably functions as a metonymy of association for single young women.
[2:21] 176 tn Heb “in the day of your anger.” The construction בָּיוֹם (bayom, “in the day of…”) is a common Hebrew idiom, meaning “when…” (e.g., Gen 2:4; Lev 7:35; Num 3:1; Deut 4:15; 2 Sam 22:1; Pss 18:1; 138:3; Zech 8:9). This temporal idiom refers to a general time period, but uses the term “day” as a forceful rhetorical device to emphasize the vividness and drama of the event, depicting it as occurring within a single day. In the ancient Near East, military minded kings often referred to a successful campaign as “the day of X” in order to portray themselves as powerful conquerors who, as it were, could inaugurate and complete a victory military campaign within the span of one day.
[2:21] 177 tc The MT reads לֹא חָמָלְתָּ (lo’ khamalta, “You showed no mercy”). However, many medieval Hebrew
[2:22] 178 tn The syntax of the line is awkward. English versions vary considerably in how they render it: “Thou hast called as in a solemn day my terrors round about” (KJV), “Thou hast called, as in the day of a solemn assembly, my terrors on every side” (ASV), “You did call as in the day of an appointed feast my terrors on every side” (NASB), “Thou didst invite as to the day of an appointed feast my terrors on every side” (RSV), “As you summon to a feast day, so you summoned against me terrors on every side” (NIV), “You summoned, as on a festival, my neighbors from roundabout” (NJPS), “You invited my enemies to hold a carnival of terror all around me” (TEV), “You invited my enemies like guests for a party” (CEV).
[2:22] 179 tn The term “enemies” is supplied in the translation as a clarification.
[2:22] 180 tn Heb “my terrors” or “my enemies.” The expression מְגוּרַי (mÿguray, “my terrors”) is difficult and may refer to either enemies, the terror associated with facing enemies, or both.
[2:22] 181 tn Heb “surrounding me.”
[2:22] 182 tn The meaning of the verb טָפַח (tafakh) is debated: (1) BDB suggests that it is derived from טָפַה (tafah, “to extend, spread” the hands) and here means “to carry in the palm of one’s hands” (BDB 381 s.v. טָפַה 2). (2) HALOT 378 s.v. II טָפַח suggests that it is derived from the root II טָפַח (tafakh) and means “to give birth to healthy children.” The recent lexicons suggest that it is related to Arabic tafaha “to bring forth fully formed children” and to Akkadian tuppu “to raise children.” The use of this particular term highlights the tragic irony of what the army of Babylon has done: it has destroyed the lives of perfectly healthy children whom the women of Israel had raised.
[2:22] 183 tn This entire line is an accusative noun clause, functioning as the direct object of the following line: “my enemy has destroyed the perfectly healthy children….” Normal word order in Hebrew is: verb + subject + direct object. Here, the accusative direct object clause is moved forward for rhetorical emphasis: those whom the Babylonians killed had been children born perfectly healthy and well raised … what a tragic loss of perfectly good human life!
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