Wahyu 20:7--21:8
Konteks20:7 Now 1 when the thousand years are finished, Satan will be released from his prison 20:8 and will go out to deceive 2 the nations at the four corners of the earth, Gog and Magog, 3 to bring them together for the battle. They are as numerous as the grains of sand in the sea. 4 20:9 They 5 went up 6 on the broad plain of the earth 7 and encircled 8 the camp 9 of the saints and the beloved city, but 10 fire came down from heaven and devoured them completely. 11 20:10 And the devil who deceived 12 them was thrown into the lake of fire and sulfur, 13 where the beast and the false prophet are 14 too, and they will be tormented there day and night forever and ever.
20:11 Then 15 I saw a large 16 white throne and the one who was seated on it; the earth and the heaven 17 fled 18 from his presence, and no place was found for them. 20:12 And I saw the dead, the great and the small, standing before the throne. Then 19 books were opened, and another book was opened – the book of life. 20 So 21 the dead were judged by what was written in the books, according to their deeds. 22 20:13 The 23 sea gave up the dead that were in it, and Death 24 and Hades gave up the dead that were in them, and each one was judged according to his deeds. 20:14 Then 25 Death and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire. This is the second death – the lake of fire. 20:15 If 26 anyone’s name 27 was not found written in the book of life, that person 28 was thrown into the lake of fire.
21:1 Then 29 I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and earth had ceased to exist, 30 and the sea existed no more. 21:2 And I saw the holy city – the new Jerusalem – descending out of heaven from God, made ready like a bride adorned for her husband. 21:3 And I heard a loud voice from the throne saying: “Look! The residence 31 of God is among human beings. 32 He 33 will live among them, and they will be his people, and God himself will be with them. 34 21:4 He 35 will wipe away every tear from their eyes, and death will not exist any more – or mourning, or crying, or pain, for the former things have ceased to exist.” 36
21:5 And the one seated on the throne said: “Look! I am making all things new!” Then 37 he said to me, “Write it down, 38 because these words are reliable 39 and true.” 21:6 He also said to me, “It is done! 40 I am the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end. To the one who is thirsty I will give water 41 free of charge 42 from the spring of the water of life. 21:7 The one who conquers 43 will inherit these things, and I will be his God and he will be my son. 21:8 But to the cowards, unbelievers, detestable persons, murderers, the sexually immoral, and those who practice magic spells, 44 idol worshipers, 45 and all those who lie, their place 46 will be in the lake that burns with fire and sulfur. 47 That 48 is the second death.”
[20:7] 1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.
[20:8] 3 sn The battle with Gog and Magog is described in the OT in Ezek 38:1-39:20.
[20:8] 4 tn Grk “of whom the number of them [is] like the sand of the sea” (an allusion to Isa 10:22).
[20:9] 5 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[20:9] 6 tn The shift here to past tense reflects the Greek text.
[20:9] 7 tn On the phrase “broad plain of the earth” BDAG 823 s.v. πλάτος states, “τὸ πλάτος τῆς γῆς Rv 20:9 comes fr. the OT (Da 12:2 LXX. Cp. Hab 1:6; Sir 1:3), but the sense is not clear: breadth = the broad plain of the earth is perh. meant to provide room for the countless enemies of God vs. 8, but the ‘going up’ is better suited to Satan (vs. 7) who has recently been freed, and who comes up again fr. the abyss (vs. 3).” The referent here thus appears to be a plain large enough to accommodate the numberless hoards that have drawn up for battle against the Lord Christ and his saints.
[20:9] 9 tn On the term παρεμβολή (parembolh) BDAG 775 s.v. states, “Mostly used as a military t.t.…so always in our lit.…1. a (fortified) camp…ἡ παρεμβολὴ τῶν ἁγίων Rv 20:9 is also to be understood fr. the OT use of the word.”
[20:9] 10 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
[20:9] 11 tn See L&N 20.45 for the translation of κατεσθίω (katesqiw) as “to destroy utterly, to consume completely.”
[20:10] 13 tn Traditionally, “brimstone.”
[20:10] 14 tn The verb in this clause is elided. In keeping with the previous past tenses some translations supply a past tense verb here (“were”), but in view of the future tense that follows (“they will be tormented”), a present tense verb was used to provide a transition from the previous past tense to the future tense that follows.
[20:11] 15 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
[20:11] 16 tn Traditionally, “great,” but μέγας (megas) here refers to size rather than importance.
[20:11] 17 tn Or “and the sky.” The same Greek word means both “heaven” and “sky,” and context usually determines which is meant. In this apocalyptic scene, however, it is difficult to be sure what referent to assign the term.
[20:11] sn The phrase the earth and the heaven fled from his presence can be understood (1) as visual imagery representing the fear of corruptible matter in the presence of God, but (2) it can also be understood more literally as the dissolution of the universe as we know it in preparation for the appearance of the new heaven and new earth (Rev 21:1).
[20:12] 19 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[20:12] 20 tn Grk “another book was opened, which is of life.”
[20:12] 21 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the books being opened.
[20:12] 22 tn Grk “from the things written in the books according to their works.”
[20:13] 23 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[20:13] 24 sn Here Death is personified (cf. 1 Cor 15:55).
[20:14] 25 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
[20:15] 26 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[20:15] 27 tn The word “name” is not in the Greek text, but is implied.
[20:15] 28 tn Grk “he”; the pronoun has been intensified by translating as “that person.”
[21:1] 29 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
[21:1] 30 tn For the translation of ἀπέρχομαι (apercomai; here ἀπῆλθαν [aphlqan]) L&N 13.93 has “to go out of existence – ‘to cease to exist, to pass away, to cease.’”
[21:3] 31 tn Or “dwelling place”; traditionally, “tabernacle”; literally “tent.”
[21:3] 32 tn Or “people”; Grk “men” (ἀνθρώπων, anqrwpwn), a generic use of the term. In the translation “human beings” was used here because “people” occurs later in the verse and translates a different Greek word (λαοί, laoi).
[21:3] 33 tn Grk “men, and he.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
[21:3] 34 tc ‡ Most
[21:4] 35 tn Grk “God, and he.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation. Here καί (kai) has not been translated.
[21:4] 36 tn For the translation of ἀπέρχομαι (apercomai; here ἀπῆλθαν [aphlqan]) L&N 13.93 has “to go out of existence – ‘to cease to exist, to pass away, to cease.’”
[21:5] 37 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[21:5] 38 tn The words “it down” are not in the Greek text, but are implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.
[21:6] 40 tn Or “It has happened.”
[21:6] 41 tn The word “water” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.
[21:6] 42 tn Or “as a free gift” (see L&N 57.85).
[21:7] 43 tn Or “who is victorious”; traditionally, “who overcomes.”
[21:8] 44 tn On the term φαρμακεία (farmakeia, “magic spells”) see L&N 53.100: “the use of magic, often involving drugs and the casting of spells upon people – ‘to practice magic, to cast spells upon, to engage in sorcery, magic, sorcery.’ φαρμακεία: ἐν τῇ φαρμακείᾳ σου ἐπλανήθησαν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ‘with your magic spells you deceived all the peoples (of the world)’ Re 18:23.”
[21:8] 46 tn Grk “their share.”
[21:8] 47 tn Traditionally, “brimstone.”
[21:8] 48 tn Grk “sulfur, which is.” The relative pronoun has been translated as “that” to indicate its connection to the previous clause. The nearest logical antecedent is “the lake [that burns with fire and sulfur],” although “lake” (λίμνη, limnh) is feminine gender, while the pronoun “which” (ὅ, Jo) is neuter gender. This means that (1) the proper antecedent could be “their place” (Grk “their share,”) agreeing with the relative pronoun in number and gender, or (2) the neuter pronoun still has as its antecedent the feminine noun “lake,” since agreement in gender between pronoun and antecedent was not always maintained, with an explanatory phrase occurring with a neuter pronoun regardless of the case of the antecedent. In favor of the latter explanation is Rev 20:14, where the phrase “the lake of fire” is in apposition to the phrase “the second death.”
