1 Raja-raja 22:17

22:17 Micaiah ¹  said, “I saw all Israel scattered on the mountains like sheep that have no shepherd. Then the Lord said, ‘They have no master. They should go home in peace.’”

Matius 9:36

9:36 When ²  he saw the crowds, he had compassion on them because they were bewildered and helpless, ³  like sheep without a shepherd.

Yohanes 10:11

10:11 “I am the good ⁴  shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life ⁵  for the sheep.

[22:17]  ¹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Micaiah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[9:36]  ² tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[9:36]  ³ tn Or “because they had been bewildered and helpless.” The translational issue is whether the perfect participles are predicate (as in the text) or are pluperfect periphrastic (the alternate translation). If the latter, the implication would seem to be that the crowds had been in such a state until the Great Shepherd arrived.

[10:11]  ⁴ tn Or “model” (see R. E. Brown, John [AB], 1:386, who argues that “model” is a more exact translation of καλός [kalos] here).

[10:11]  ⁵ tn Or “The good shepherd dies willingly.”

[10:11]  sn Jesus speaks openly of his vicarious death twice in this section (John 10:11, 15). Note the contrast: The thief takes the life of the sheep (10:10), the good shepherd lays down his own life for the sheep. Jesus is not speaking generally here, but specifically: He has his own substitutionary death on the cross in view. For a literal shepherd with a literal flock, the shepherd’s death would have spelled disaster for the sheep; in this instance it spells life for them (Compare the worthless shepherd of Zech 11:17, by contrast).