1 Samuel 14:52

14:52 There was fierce war with the Philistines all the days of Saul. So whenever Saul saw anyone who was a warrior or a brave individual, he would conscript him.

1 Samuel 14:1

14:1 Then one day Jonathan son of Saul said to his armor bearer, ¹  “Come on, let’s go over to the Philistine garrison that is opposite us.” But he did not let his father know.

Kisah Para Rasul 9:22-23

9:22 But Saul became more and more capable, ²  and was causing consternation ³  among the Jews who lived in Damascus by proving ⁴  that Jesus ⁵  is the Christ. ⁶ 

Saul’s Escape from Damascus

9:23 Now after some days had passed, the Jews plotted ⁷  together to kill him,

Kisah Para Rasul 10:26

10:26 But Peter helped him up, ⁸  saying, “Stand up. I too am a mere mortal.” ⁹ 

Kisah Para Rasul 12:4

12:4 When he had seized him, he put him in prison, handing him over to four squads ¹⁰  of soldiers to guard him. Herod ¹¹  planned ¹²  to bring him out for public trial ¹³  after the Passover.

Kisah Para Rasul 12:10

12:10 After they had passed the first and second guards, ¹⁴  they came to the iron ¹⁵  gate leading into the city. It ¹⁶  opened for them by itself, ¹⁷  and they went outside and walked down one narrow street, ¹⁸  when at once the angel left him.

Kisah Para Rasul 12:2

12:2 He had James, the brother of John, executed with a sword. ¹⁹ 

Kisah Para Rasul 26:10-15

26:10 And that is what I did in Jerusalem: Not only did I lock up many of the saints in prisons by the authority I received ²⁰  from the chief priests, but I also cast my vote ²¹  against them when they were sentenced to death. ²²  26:11 I punished ²³  them often in all the synagogues ²⁴  and tried to force ²⁵  them to blaspheme. Because I was so furiously enraged ²⁶  at them, I went to persecute ²⁷  them even in foreign cities.

26:12 “While doing this very thing, ²⁸  as I was going ²⁹  to Damascus with authority and complete power ³⁰  from the chief priests, 26:13 about noon along the road, Your Majesty, ³¹  I saw a light from heaven, ³²  brighter than the sun, shining everywhere around ³³  me and those traveling with me. 26:14 When we had all fallen to the ground, I heard a voice saying to me in Aramaic, ³⁴  ‘Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting me? You are hurting yourself ³⁵  by kicking against the goads.’ ³⁶  26:15 So I said, ‘Who are you, Lord?’ And the Lord replied, ³⁷  ‘I am Jesus whom you are persecuting.

[14:1]  ¹ tn Or “the servant who was carrying his military equipment” (likewise in vv. 6, 7, 12, 13, 14).

[9:22]  ² tn Grk “was becoming stronger,” but this could be understood in a physical sense, while the text refers to Saul’s growing ability to demonstrate to fellow Jews that Jesus was the Messiah. The translation “to become capable” for ἐνδυναμόω (endunamow) is given in L&N 74.7, with this specific verse as an example.

[9:22]  ³ tn Or “was confounding.” For the translation “to cause consternation” for συγχέω (suncew) see L&N 25.221.

[9:22]  ⁴ tn Or “by showing for certain.”

[9:22]  ⁵ tn Grk “that this one”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[9:22]  ⁶ tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.” Note again the variation in the titles used.

[9:22]  sn See the note on Christ in 2:31.

[9:23]  ⁷ sn Fitting the pattern emphasized earlier with Stephen and his speech in Acts 7, some Jews plotted to kill God’s messenger (cf. Luke 11:53-54).

[10:26]  ⁸ tn BDAG 271 s.v. ἐγείρω 3 has “raise, help to rise….Stretched out Ac 10:26.”

[10:26]  ⁹ tn Although it is certainly true that Peter was a “man,” here ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") has been translated as “mere mortal” because the emphasis in context is not on Peter’s maleness, but his humanity. Contrary to what Cornelius thought, Peter was not a god or an angelic being, but a mere mortal.

[12:4]  ¹⁰ sn Four squads of soldiers. Each squad was a detachment of four soldiers.

[12:4]  ¹¹ tn Grk “guard him, planning to bring him out.” The Greek construction continues with a participle (βουλόμενος, boulomeno") and an infinitive (ἀναγαγεῖν, anagagein), but this creates an awkward and lengthy sentence in English. Thus a reference to Herod was introduced as subject and the participle translated as a finite verb (“Herod planned”).

[12:4]  ¹² tn Or “intended”; Grk “wanted.”

[12:4]  ¹³ tn Grk “to bring him out to the people,” but in this context a public trial (with certain condemnation as the result) is doubtless what Herod planned. L&N 15.176 translates this phrase “planning to bring him up for a public trial after the Passover.”

[12:10]  ¹⁴ tn Or perhaps, “guard posts.”

[12:10]  ¹⁵ sn The iron gate shows how important security was here. This door was more secure than one made of wood (which would be usual).

[12:10]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “which.” The relative pronoun (“which”) was replaced by the pronoun “it,” and a new sentence was begun in the translation at this point to improve the English style, due to the length of the sentence in Greek.

[12:10]  ¹⁷ tn The Greek term here, αὐτομάτη (automath), indicates something that happens without visible cause (BDAG 152 s.v. αὐτόματος).

[12:10]  ¹⁸ tn Or “lane,” “alley” (BDAG 907 s.v. ῥύμη).

[12:2]  ¹⁹ sn The expression executed with a sword probably refers to a beheading. James was the first known apostolic martyr (Eusebius, Eccl. Hist. 2.9.1-3). On James, not the Lord’s brother, see Luke 5:10; 6:14. This death ended a short period of peace noted in Acts 9:31 after the persecution mentioned in 8:1-3.

[26:10]  ²⁰ tn Grk “by receiving authority.” The participle λαβών (labwn) has been taken instrumentally.

[26:10]  ²¹ tn Grk “cast down a pebble against them.” L&N 30.103 states, “(an idiom, Grk ‘to bring a pebble against someone,’ a reference to a white or black pebble used in voting for or against someone) to make known one’s choice against someone – ‘to vote against.’ …‘when they were sentenced to death, I also voted against them’ Ac 26:10.”

[26:10]  ²² tn Grk “when they were being executed”; but the context supports the sentencing rather than the execution itself (cf. L&N 30.103).

[26:11]  ²³ tn Grk “and punishing…I tried.” The participle τιμωρῶν (timwrwn) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style. Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.

[26:11]  ²⁴ sn See the note on synagogue in 6:9.

[26:11]  ²⁵ tn The imperfect verb ἠνάγκαζον (hnankazon) has been translated as a conative imperfect (so BDAG 60 s.v. ἀναγκάζω 1, which has “ἠνάγκαζον βλασφημεῖν I tried to force them to blaspheme Ac 26:11”).

[26:11]  ²⁶ tn Or “was so insanely angry with them.” BDAG 322 s.v. ἐμμαίνομαι states, “to be filled with such anger that one appears to be mad, be enraged…περισσῶς ἐμμαινόμενος αὐτοῖς being furiously enraged at them Ac 26:11”; L&N 88.182 s.v. ἐμμαίνομαι, “to be so furiously angry with someone as to be almost out of one’s mind – ‘to be enraged, to be infuriated, to be insanely angry’ …‘I was so infuriated with them that I even went to foreign cities to persecute them’ Ac 26:11.”

[26:11]  ²⁷ tn Or “I pursued them even as far as foreign cities.”

[26:12]  ²⁸ tn Grk “in which [activity].” Due to the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started at the beginning of v. 12 in the translation. The referent of the relative pronoun (“which”) was specified as “this very thing” for clarity.

[26:12]  ²⁹ tn Grk “going.” The participle πορευόμενος (poreuomenos) has been taken temporally.

[26:12]  ³⁰ tn L&N 37.40 s.v. ἐπιτροπή states, “the full authority to carry out an assignment or commission – ‘authority, complete power.’ πορευόμενος εἰς τὴν Δαμασκὸν μετ᾿ ἐξουσίας καὶ ἐπιτροπῆς τῶν ἀρχιερέων ‘going to Damascus with authority and complete power from the high priests’ Ac 26:12. In Ac 26:12 the combination of ἐξουσία and ἐπιτροπή serves to reinforce the sense of complete authority.”

[26:13]  ³¹ tn Grk “O King.”

[26:13]  ³² tn Or “from the sky” (the same Greek word means both “heaven” and “sky”).

[26:13]  ³³ tn The word “everywhere” has been supplied in the translation to clarify the meaning of περιλάμψαν (perilamyan). Otherwise the modern reader might think that each of the individuals were encircled by lights or halos. See also Acts 9:7; 22:6, 9.

[26:14]  ³⁴ tn Grk “in the Hebrew language.” See Acts 22:7 and 9:4.

[26:14]  ³⁵ tn Grk “It is hard for you.”

[26:14]  ³⁶ tn “Goads” are pointed sticks used to direct a draft animal (an idiom for stubborn resistance). See BDAG 539-40 s.v. κέντρον 2.

[26:14]  sn Sayings which contain the imagery used here (kicking against the goads) were also found in Greek writings; see Pindar, Pythians 2.94-96; Euripides, Bacchae 795.

[26:15]  ³⁷ tn Grk “said.”