1 Samuel 2:12

Eli’s Sons Misuse Their Sacred Office

2:12 The sons of Eli were wicked men. ¹  They did not recognize the Lord’s authority. ² 

1 Samuel 11:12

Saul Is Established as King

11:12 Then the people said to Samuel, “Who were the ones asking, ‘Will Saul reign over us?’ Hand over those men so we may execute them!”

Ulangan 13:13

13:13 some evil people ³  have departed from among you to entice the inhabitants of their cities, ⁴  saying, “Let’s go and serve other gods” (whom you have not known before). ⁵ 

Ulangan 13:2

13:2 and the sign or wonder should come to pass concerning what he said to you, namely, “Let us follow other gods” – gods whom you have not previously known – “and let us serve them.”

1 Samuel 20:1-2

Jonathan Seeks to Protect David

20:1 David fled from Naioth in Ramah. He came to Jonathan and asked, ⁶  “What have I done? What is my offense? ⁷  How have I sinned before your father? For he is seeking my life!”

20:2 Jonathan ⁸  said to him, “By no means are you going to die! My father does nothing ⁹  large or small without making me aware of it. ¹⁰  Why would my father hide this matter from me? It just won’t happen!”

1 Samuel 13:7

13:7 Some of the Hebrews crossed over the Jordan River ¹¹  to the land of Gad and Gilead. But Saul stayed at Gilgal; the entire army that was with him was terrified.

Kisah Para Rasul 7:35

7:35 This same ¹²  Moses they had rejected, saying, ‘Who made you a ruler and judge?’ ¹³  God sent as both ruler and deliverer ¹⁴  through the hand of the angel ¹⁵  who appeared to him in the bush.

Kisah Para Rasul 7:51-52

7:51 “You stubborn ¹⁶  people, with uncircumcised ¹⁷  hearts and ears! ¹⁸  You are always resisting the Holy Spirit, like your ancestors ¹⁹  did! 7:52 Which of the prophets did your ancestors ²⁰  not persecute? ²¹  They ²²  killed those who foretold long ago the coming of the Righteous One, ²³  whose betrayers and murderers you have now become! ²⁴ 

[2:12]  ¹ tn Heb “sons of worthlessness.”

[2:12]  ² tn Heb “they did not know the Lord.” The verb here has the semantic nuance “recognize the authority of.” Eli’s sons obviously knew who the Lord was; they served in his sanctuary. But they did not recognize his moral authority.

[13:13]  ³ tn Heb “men, sons of Belial.” The Hebrew term בְּלִיַּעַל (bÿliyya’al) has the idea of worthlessness, without morals or scruples (HALOT 133-34 s.v.). Cf. NAB, NRSV “scoundrels”; TEV, CEV “worthless people”; NLT “worthless rabble.”

[13:13]  ⁴ tc The LXX and Tg read “your” for the MT’s “their.”

[13:13]  ⁵ tn The translation understands the relative clause as a statement by Moses, not as part of the quotation from the evildoers. See also v. 2.

[20:1]  ⁶ tn Heb “and he came and said before Jonathan.”

[20:1]  ⁷ tn Heb “What is my guilt?”

[20:2]  ⁸ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Jonathan) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[20:2]  ⁹ tc The translation follows the Qere, many medieval Hebrew mss, and the ancient versions in reading “he will not do,” rather than the Kethib of the MT (“do to him”).

[20:2]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “without uncovering my ear.”

[13:7]  ¹¹ tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

[7:35]  ¹² sn This same. The reference to “this one” occurs five times in this speech. It is the way the other speeches in Acts refer to Jesus (e.g., Acts 2:23).

[7:35]  ¹³ sn A quotation from Exod 2:14 (see Acts 7:27). God saw Moses very differently than the people of the nation did. The reference to a ruler and a judge suggests that Stephen set up a comparison between Moses and Jesus, but he never finished his speech to make the point. The reader of Acts, however, knowing the other sermons in the book, recognizes that the rejection of Jesus is the counterpoint.

[7:35]  ¹⁴ tn Or “liberator.” The meaning “liberator” for λυτρωτήν (lutrwthn) is given in L&N 37.129: “a person who liberates or releases others.”

[7:35]  ¹⁵ tn Or simply “through the angel.” Here the “hand” could be understood as a figure for the person or the power of the angel himself. The remark about the angel appearing fits the first century Jewish view that God appears to no one (John 1:14-18; Gal 3:19; Deut 33:2 LXX).

[7:51]  ¹⁶ sn Traditionally, “stiff-necked people.” Now the critique begins in earnest.

[7:51]  ¹⁷ tn The term ἀπερίτμητοι (aperitmhtoi, “uncircumcised”) is a NT hapax legomenon (occurs only once). See BDAG 101-2 s.v. ἀπερίτμητος and Isa 52:1.

[7:51]  ¹⁸ tn Or “You stubborn and obstinate people!” (The phrase “uncircumcised hearts and ears” is another figure for stubbornness.)

[7:51]  ¹⁹ tn Or “forefathers”; Grk “fathers.”

[7:52]  ²⁰ tn Or “forefathers”; Grk “fathers.”

[7:52]  ²¹ sn Which…persecute. The rhetorical question suggests they persecuted them all.

[7:52]  ²² tn Grk “And they.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.

[7:52]  ²³ sn The Righteous One is a reference to Jesus Christ.

[7:52]  ²⁴ sn Whose betrayers and murderers you have now become. The harsh critique has OT precedent (1 Kgs 19:10-14; Neh 9:26; 2 Chr 36:16).