1 Samuel 25:18

25:18 So Abigail quickly took two hundred loaves of bread, two containers ¹  of wine, five prepared sheep, five seahs ²  of roasted grain, a hundred bunches of raisins, and two hundred lumps of pressed figs. She loaded them on donkeys

Rut 2:14

2:14 Later during the mealtime Boaz said to her, “Come here and have ³  some food! Dip your bread ⁴  in the vinegar!” So she sat down beside the harvesters. Then he handed ⁵  her some roasted grain. She ate until she was full and saved the rest. ⁶ 

Rut 2:2

2:2 One day Ruth the Moabite said to Naomi, “Let me go ⁷  to the fields so I can gather ⁸  grain behind whoever permits me to do so.” ⁹  Naomi ¹⁰  replied, “You may go, my daughter.”

1 Samuel 17:28

17:28 When David’s ¹¹  oldest brother Eliab heard him speaking to the men, he became angry ¹²  with David and said, “Why have you come down here? To whom did you entrust those few sheep in the desert? I am familiar with your pride and deceit! ¹³  You have come down here to watch the battle!”

[25:18]  ¹ tn Heb “skins.”

[25:18]  ² sn The seah was a dry measure equal to one-third of an ephah, or not quite eleven quarts.

[2:14]  ³ tn Heb “eat” (so KJV, NRSV).

[2:14]  ⁴ tn Heb “your portion”; NRSV “your morsel.”

[2:14]  ⁵ tn The Hebrew verb צָבַט (tsavat) occurs only here in the OT. Cf. KJV, ASV “he reached her”; NASB “he served her”; NIV “he offered her”; NRSV “he heaped up for her.” For discussion of its meaning, including the etymological evidence, see BDB 840 s.v.; R. L. Hubbard, Jr., Ruth (NICOT), 174; and F. W. Bush, Ruth, Esther (WBC), 125-26.

[2:14]  ⁶ tn Heb “and she ate and she was satisfied and she had some left over” (NASB similar).

[2:2]  ⁷ tn The cohortative here (“Let me go”) expresses Ruth’s request. Note Naomi’s response, in which she gives Ruth permission to go to the field.

[2:2]  ⁸ tn Following the preceding cohortative, the cohortative with vav conjunctive indicates purpose/result.

[2:2]  ⁹ tn Heb “anyone in whose eyes I may find favor” (ASV, NIV similar). The expression אֶמְצָא־חֵן בְּעֵינָיו (’emtsa’-khen bÿ’enayv, “to find favor in the eyes of [someone]”) appears in Ruth 2:2, 10, 13. It is most often used when a subordinate or servant requests permission for something from a superior (BDB 336 s.v. חֵן). Ruth will play the role of the subordinate servant, seeking permission from a landowner, who then could show benevolence by granting her request to glean in his field behind the harvest workers.

[2:2]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “she”; the referent (Naomi) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[17:28]  ¹¹ tn Heb “his”; the referent (David) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[17:28]  ¹² tn Heb “the anger of Eliab became hot.”

[17:28]  ¹³ tn Heb “the wickedness of your heart.”