2 Raja-raja 12:18

12:18 King Jehoash of Judah collected all the sacred items that his ancestors Jehoshaphat, Jehoram, and Ahaziah, kings of Judah, had consecrated, as well as his own sacred items and all the gold that could be found in the treasuries of the Lord’s temple and the royal palace. He sent it all ¹  to King Hazael of Syria, who then withdrew ²  from Jerusalem.

2 Raja-raja 16:8

16:8 Then Ahaz took the silver and gold that were ³  in the Lord’s temple and in the treasuries of the royal palace and sent it as tribute ⁴  to the king of Assyria.

2 Raja-raja 16:1

Ahaz’s Reign over Judah

16:1 In the seventeenth year of the reign of Pekah son of Remaliah, Jotham’s son Ahaz became king over Judah.

Kisah Para Rasul 15:15

15:15 The ⁵  words of the prophets agree ⁶  with this, as it is written,

Kisah Para Rasul 15:18-19

15:18 known ⁷  from long ago. ⁸ 

15:19 “Therefore I conclude ⁹  that we should not cause extra difficulty ¹⁰  for those among the Gentiles ¹¹  who are turning to God,

Kisah Para Rasul 15:2

15:2 When Paul and Barnabas had a major argument and debate ¹²  with them, the church ¹³  appointed Paul and Barnabas and some others from among them to go up to meet with ¹⁴  the apostles and elders in Jerusalem ¹⁵  about this point of disagreement. ¹⁶ 

Kisah Para Rasul 16:2

16:2 The brothers in Lystra ¹⁷  and Iconium ¹⁸  spoke well ¹⁹  of him. ²⁰ 

[12:18]  ¹ tn The object (“it all”) is supplied in the translation for clarification.

[12:18]  ² tn Heb “went up.”

[16:8]  ³ tn Heb “that was found.”

[16:8]  ⁴ tn Or “bribe money.”

[15:15]  ⁵ tn Grk “And the.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.

[15:15]  ⁶ sn The term agree means “match” or “harmonize with.” James’ point in the introduction argues that many of the OT prophets taught this. He gives one example (which follows).

[15:18]  ⁷ sn Who makes these things known. The remark emphasizes how God’s design of these things reaches back to the time he declared them.

[15:18]  ⁸ sn An allusion to Isa 45:21.

[15:19]  ⁹ tn Or “I have decided,” “I think.” The verb κρίνω (krinw) has a far broader range of meaning than the often-used English verb “judge.” BDAG 568 s.v. κρίνω 3 places this use in Acts 15:19 in the category “judge, think, consider, look upon” followed by double accusative of object and predicate. However, many modern translations give the impression that a binding decision is being handed down by James: “it is my judgment” (NASB, NIV); “I have reached the decision” (NRSV). L&N 22.25, on the other hand, translate the phrase here “I think that we should not cause extra difficulty for those among the Gentiles.” This gives more the impression of an opinion than a binding decision. The resolution of this lies not so much in the lexical data as in how one conceives James’ role in the leadership of the Jerusalem church, plus the dynamics of the specific situation where the issue of Gentile inclusion in the church was being discussed. The major possibilities are: (1) James is handing down a binding decision to the rest of the church as the one who has ultimate authority to decide this matter; (2) James is offering his own personal opinion in the matter, which is not binding on the church; (3) James is voicing a consensus opinion of all the apostles and elders, although phrasing it as if it were his own; (4) James is making a suggestion to the rest of the leadership as to what course they should follow. In light of the difficulty in reconstructing the historical situation in detail, it is best to use a translation which maintains as many of the various options as possible. For this reason the translation “Therefore I conclude” has been used, leaving open the question whether in reaching this conclusion James is speaking only for himself or for the rest of the leadership.

[15:19]  ¹⁰ tn Or “trouble.” This term is a NT hapax legomenon (BDAG 775 s.v. παρενοχλέω).

[15:19]  ¹¹ tn Or “among the nations” (in Greek the word for “nation” and “Gentile” is the same).

[15:2]  ¹² tn Grk “no little argument and debate” (an idiom).

[15:2]  ¹³ tn Grk “they”; the referent (the church, or the rest of the believers at Antioch) has been specified to avoid confusion with the Judaizers mentioned in the preceding clause.

[15:2]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “go up to,” but in this context a meeting is implied.

[15:2]  ¹⁵ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[15:2]  ¹⁶ tn Or “point of controversy.” It is unclear whether this event parallels Gal 2:1-10 or that Gal 2 fits with Acts 11:30. More than likely Gal 2:1-10 is to be related to Acts 11:30.

[16:2]  ¹⁷ sn Lystra was a city in Lycaonia about 25 mi (40 km) south of Iconium.

[16:2]  ¹⁸ sn Iconium was a city in Lycaonia about 110 mi (175 km) east of Pisidian Antioch.

[16:2]  ¹⁹ tn For this sense of μαρτυρέω (marturew), see BDAG 618 s.v. 2.b.

[16:2]  ²⁰ tn Grk “who was well spoken of by the brothers in Lystra and Iconium.” Because of the awkwardness in English of having two relative clauses follow one another (“who was a believer…who was well spoken of”) and the awkwardness of the passive verb (“was well spoken of”), the relative pronoun at the beginning of 16:2 (“who”) has been translated as a pronoun (“him”) and the construction converted from passive to active at the same time a new sentence was started in the translation.