Daniel 8:4

8:4 I saw that the ram was butting westward, northward, and southward. No animal ¹  was able to stand before it, and there was none who could deliver from its power. ²  It did as it pleased and acted arrogantly. ³ 

Daniel 11:7-8

11:7 “There will arise in his ⁴  place one from her family line ⁵  who will come against their army and will enter the stronghold of the king of the north and will move against them successfully. ⁶  11:8 He will also take their gods into captivity to Egypt, along with their cast images and prized utensils of silver and gold. Then he will withdraw for some years from ⁷  the king of the north.

Daniel 11:11

11:11 “Then the king of the south ⁸  will be enraged and will march out to fight against the king of the north, who will also muster a large army, but that army will be delivered into his hand.

Daniel 11:13

11:13 For the king of the north will again muster an army, one larger than before. At the end of some years he will advance with a huge army and enormous supplies.

Daniel 11:15

11:15 Then the king of the north will advance and will build siege mounds and capture a well-fortified city. ⁹  The forces of the south will not prevail, not even his finest contingents. ¹⁰  They will have no strength to prevail.

Daniel 11:40

11:40 “At the time of the end the king of the south will attack ¹¹  him. Then the king of the north will storm against him ¹²  with chariots, horsemen, and a large armada of ships. ¹³  He ¹⁴  will invade lands, passing through them like an overflowing river. ¹⁵ 

[8:4]  ¹ tn Or “beast” (NAB).

[8:4]  ² tn Heb “hand.” So also in v. 7.

[8:4]  ³ tn In the Hiphil the Hebrew verb גָּדַל (gadal, “to make great; to magnify”) can have either a positive or a negative sense. For the former, used especially of God, see Ps 126:2, 3; Joel 2:21. In this chapter (8:4, 8, 11, 25) the word has a pejorative sense, describing the self-glorification of this king. The sense seems to be that of vainly assuming one’s own superiority through deliberate hubris.

[11:7]  ⁴ sn The reference is to the king of Egypt.

[11:7]  ⁵ tn Heb “the stock of her roots.”

[11:7]  sn The reference to one from her family line is probably to Berenice’s brother, Ptolemy III Euergetes (ca. 246-221 B.C.).

[11:7]  ⁶ tn Heb “will deal with them and prevail.”

[11:8]  ⁷ tn The Hebrew preposition מִן (min) is used here with the verb עָמַד (’amad, “to stand”). It probably has a sense of separation (“stand away from”), although it may also be understood in an adversative sense (“stand against”).

[11:11]  ⁸ sn This king of the south refers to Ptolemy IV Philopator (ca. 221-204 B.C.).

[11:15]  ⁹ sn This well-fortified city is apparently Sidon. Its capture from the Ptolemies by Antiochus the Great was a strategic victory for the Seleucid kingdom.

[11:15]  ¹⁰ tn Or “choice troops” (BDB 104 s.v. מִבְחָר), or “elite troops” (HALOT 542 s.v. מִבְחָר).

[11:40]  ¹¹ tn Heb “engage in thrusting.”

[11:40]  ¹² tn The referent of the pronoun is most likely the king of the south, in which case the text describes the king of the north countering the attack of the king of the south.

[11:40]  ¹³ tn Heb “many ships.”

[11:40]  ¹⁴ tn This most likely refers to the king of the north who, in response to the aggression of the king of the south, launches an invasion of the southern regions.

[11:40]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “and will overflow and pass over.”