Keluaran 23:28-29

23:28 I will send ¹  hornets before you that will drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite before you. 23:29 I will not drive them out before you in one year, lest the land become desolate and the wild animals ²  multiply against you.

Ulangan 7:2

7:2 and he ³  delivers them over to you and you attack them, you must utterly annihilate ⁴  them. Make no treaty ⁵  with them and show them no mercy!

Ulangan 9:3

9:3 Understand today that the Lord your God who goes before you is a devouring fire; he will defeat and subdue them before you. You will dispossess and destroy them quickly just as he ⁶  has told you.

Yosua 10:8-10

10:8 The Lord told Joshua, “Don’t be afraid of them, for I am handing them over to you. ⁷  Not one of them can resist you.” ⁸  10:9 Joshua attacked them by surprise after marching all night from Gilgal. ⁹  10:10 The Lord routed ¹⁰  them before Israel. Israel ¹¹  thoroughly defeated them ¹²  at Gibeon. They chased them up the road to the pass ¹³  of Beth Horon and struck them down all the way to Azekah and Makkedah.

Yosua 11:6-8

11:6 The Lord told Joshua, “Don’t be afraid of them, for about this time tomorrow I will cause all of them to lie dead before Israel. You must hamstring their horses and burn ¹⁴  their chariots.” 11:7 Joshua and his whole army caught them by surprise at the Waters of Merom and attacked them. ¹⁵  11:8 The Lord handed them over to Israel and they struck them down and chased them all the way to Greater Sidon, ¹⁶  Misrephoth Maim, ¹⁷  and the Mizpah Valley to the east. They struck them down until no survivors remained.

Yosua 11:1

Israel Defeats a Northern Coalition

11:1 When King Jabin of Hazor ¹⁸  heard the news, he organized a coalition, including ¹⁹  King Jobab of Madon, the king of Shimron, the king of Acshaph,

1 Samuel 14:6

14:6 Jonathan said to his armor bearer, “Come on, let’s go over to the garrison of these uncircumcised men. Perhaps the Lord will intervene ²⁰  for us. Nothing can prevent the Lord from delivering, whether by many or by a few.”

1 Samuel 14:10

14:10 But if they say, ‘Come up against us,’ we will go up. For in that case the Lord has given them into our hand – it will be a sign to us.”

1 Samuel 14:1

14:1 Then one day Jonathan son of Saul said to his armor bearer, ²¹  “Come on, let’s go over to the Philistine garrison that is opposite us.” But he did not let his father know.

1 Samuel 17:46-47

17:46 This very day the Lord will deliver you into my hand! I will strike you down and cut off your head. This day I will give the corpses of the Philistine army to the birds of the sky and the wild animals of the land. Then all the land will realize that Israel has a God 17:47 and all this assembly will know that it is not by sword or spear that the Lord saves! For the battle is the Lord’s, and he will deliver you into our hand.”

1 Samuel 17:1

David Kills Goliath

17:1 ²² The Philistines gathered their troops ²³  for battle. They assembled at Socoh in Judah. They camped in Ephes Dammim, between Socoh and Azekah.

Kisah Para Rasul 22:6

22:6 As ²⁴  I was en route and near Damascus, ²⁵  about noon a very bright ²⁶  light from heaven ²⁷  suddenly flashed ²⁸  around me.

Kisah Para Rasul 22:15

22:15 because you will be his witness ²⁹  to all people ³⁰  of what you have seen and heard.

[23:28]  ¹ tn Heb “and I will send.”

[23:29]  ² tn Heb “the beast of the field.”

[7:2]  ³ tn Heb “the Lord your God.” The pronoun has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons to avoid redundancy.

[7:2]  ⁴ tn In the Hebrew text the infinitive absolute before the finite verb emphasizes the statement. The imperfect has an obligatory nuance here. Cf. ASV “shalt (must NRSV) utterly destroy them”; CEV “must destroy them without mercy.”

[7:2]  ⁵ tn Heb “covenant” (so NASB, NRSV); TEV “alliance.”

[9:3]  ⁶ tn Heb “the Lord.” The pronoun has been used in the translation in keeping with contemporary English style to avoid redundancy.

[10:8]  ⁷ tn Heb “I have given them into your hand.” The verbal form is a perfect of certitude, emphasizing the certainty of the action.

[10:8]  ⁸ tn Heb “and not a man [or “one”] of them will stand before you.”

[10:9]  ⁹ tn Heb “Joshua came upon them suddenly, all the night he went up from Gilgal.”

[10:10]  ¹⁰ tn Or “caused to panic.”

[10:10]  ¹¹ tn Heb “he.” The referent is probably Israel (mentioned at the end of the previous sentence in the verse; cf. NIV, NRSV), but it is also possible that the Lord should be understood as the referent (cf. NASB “and He slew them with a great slaughter at Gibeon”), or even Joshua (cf. NEB “and Joshua defeated them utterly in Gibeon”).

[10:10]  ¹² tn Heb “struck them down with a great striking down.”

[10:10]  ¹³ tn Or “ascent.”

[11:6]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “burn with fire”; the words “with fire” are redundant in English and have not been included in the translation.

[11:7]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “Joshua and all the people of war with him came upon them at the Waters of Merom suddenly and fell upon them.”

[11:8]  ¹⁶ map For location see Map1 A1; JP3 F3; JP4 F3.

[11:8]  ¹⁷ tn The meaning of the Hebrew name “Misrephoth Maim” is perhaps “lime-kilns by the water” (see HALOT 2:641).

[11:1]  ¹⁸ map For location see Map1 D2; Map2 D3; Map3 A2; Map4 C1.

[11:1]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “he sent to.”

[14:6]  ²⁰ tn Heb “act.”

[14:1]  ²¹ tn Or “the servant who was carrying his military equipment” (likewise in vv. 6, 7, 12, 13, 14).

[17:1]  ²² tc The content of 1 Sam 17–18, which includes the David and Goliath story, differs considerably in the LXX as compared to the MT, suggesting that this story circulated in ancient times in more than one form. The LXX for chs. 17–18 is much shorter than the MT, lacking almost half of the material (39 of a total of 88 verses). Many scholars (e.g., McCarter, Klein) think that the shorter text of the LXX is preferable to the MT, which in their view has been expanded by incorporation of later material. Other scholars (e.g., Wellhausen, Driver) conclude that the shorter Greek text (or the Hebrew text that underlies it) reflects an attempt to harmonize certain alleged inconsistencies that appear in the longer version of the story. Given the translation characteristics of the LXX elsewhere in this section, it does not seem likely that these differences are due to deliberate omission of these verses on the part of the translator. It seems more likely that the Greek translator has faithfully rendered here a Hebrew text that itself was much shorter than the MT in these chapters. Whether or not the shorter text represented by the LXX is to be preferred over the MT in 1 Sam 17–18 is a matter over which textual scholars are divided. For a helpful discussion of the major textual issues in this unit see D. Barthélemy, D. W. Gooding, J. Lust, and E. Tov, The Story of David and Goliath (OBO). Overall it seems preferable to stay with the MT, at least for the most part. However, the major textual differences between the LXX and the MT will be mentioned in the notes that accompany the translation so that the reader may be alert to the major problem passages.

[17:1]  ²³ tn Heb “camps.”

[22:6]  ²⁴ tn Grk “It happened that as.” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο (egeneto, “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.

[22:6]  ²⁵ tn Grk “going and nearing Damascus.”

[22:6]  sn En route and near Damascus. This is the first retelling of Paul’s Damascus Road experience in Acts (cf. Acts 9:1-9; the second retelling is in Acts 26:9-20).

[22:6]  ²⁶ tn BDAG 472 s.v. ἱκανός 3.b has “φῶς a very bright light Ac 22:6.”

[22:6]  ²⁷ tn Or “from the sky” (the same Greek word means both “heaven” and “sky”).

[22:6]  ²⁸ tn Or “shone.”

[22:15]  ²⁹ tn Or “a witness to him.”

[22:15]  sn You will be his witness. See Acts 1:8; 13:31. The following reference to all people stresses all nationalities (Eph 3:7-9; Acts 9:15). Note also v. 21.

[22:15]  ³⁰ tn Grk “all men,” but this is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo").