Yehezkiel 25:5

25:5 I will make Rabbah a pasture for camels and Ammon ¹  a resting place for sheep. Then you will know that I am the Lord.

Ulangan 3:11

3:11 Only King Og of Bashan was left of the remaining Rephaites. (It is noteworthy ²  that his sarcophagus ³  was made of iron. ⁴  Does it not, indeed, still remain in Rabbath ⁵  of the Ammonites? It is thirteen and a half feet ⁶  long and six feet ⁷  wide according to standard measure.) ⁸ 

Ulangan 3:2

3:2 The Lord, however, said to me, “Don’t be afraid of him because I have already given him, his whole army, ⁹  and his land to you. You will do to him exactly what you did to King Sihon of the Amorites who lived in Heshbon.”

1 Samuel 12:1

12:1 Samuel said to all Israel, “I have done ¹⁰  everything you requested. ¹¹  I have given you a king. ¹² 

Yeremia 49:2

49:2 Because you did that,

I, the Lord, affirm that ¹³  a time is coming

when I will make Rabbah, the capital city of Ammon,

hear the sound of the battle cry.

It will become a mound covered with ruins. ¹⁴ 

Its villages will be burned to the ground. ¹⁵ 

Then Israel will take back its land

from those who took their land from them.

I, the Lord, affirm it! ¹⁶ 

Amos 1:14

1:14 So I will set fire to Rabbah’s ¹⁷  city wall; ¹⁸ 

fire ¹⁹  will consume her fortresses.

War cries will be heard on the day of battle; ²⁰ 

a strong gale will blow on the day of the windstorm. ²¹ 

[25:5]  ¹ tn Heb “the sons of Ammon.”

[3:11]  ² tn Heb “Behold” (הִנֵּה, hinneh).

[3:11]  ³ tn The Hebrew term עֶרֶשׂ (’eres), traditionally translated “bed” (cf. NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT) is likely a basaltic (volcanic) stone sarcophagus of suitable size to contain the coffin of the giant Rephaite king. Its iron-like color and texture caused it to be described as an iron container. See A. Millard, “King Og’s Iron Bed: Fact or Fancy?” BR 6 (1990): 16-21, 44; cf. also NEB “his sarcophagus of basalt”; TEV, CEV “his coffin.”

[3:11]  ⁴ tn Or “of iron-colored basalt.” See note on the word “sarcophagus” earlier in this verse.

[3:11]  ⁵ sn Rabbath. This place name (usually occurring as Rabbah; 2 Sam 11:11; 12:27; Jer 49:3) refers to the ancient capital of the Ammonite kingdom, now the modern city of Amman, Jordan. The word means “great [one],” probably because of its political importance. The fact that the sarcophagus “still remain[ed]” there suggests this part of the verse is post-Mosaic, having been added as a matter of explanation for the existence of the artifact and also to verify the claim as to its size.

[3:11]  ⁶ tn Heb “nine cubits.” Assuming a length of 18 in (45 cm) for the standard cubit, this would be 13.5 ft (4.1 m) long.

[3:11]  ⁷ tn Heb “four cubits.” This would be 6 ft (1.8 m) wide.

[3:11]  ⁸ tn Heb “by the cubit of man.” This probably refers to the “short” or “regular” cubit of approximately 18 in (45 cm).

[3:2]  ⁹ tn Heb “people.”

[12:1]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “Look, I have listened to your voice.”

[12:1]  ¹¹ tn Heb “to all which you said to me.”

[12:1]  ¹² tn Heb “and I have installed a king over you.”

[49:2]  ¹³ tn Heb “oracle of the Lord.”

[49:2]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “a desolate tel.” For the explanation of what a “tel” is see the study note on 30:18.

[49:2]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “Its daughters will be burned with fire.” For the use of the word “daughters” to refer to the villages surrounding a larger city see BDB 123 s.v. I בַּת 4 and compare the usage in Judg 1:27.

[49:2]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “says the Lord.” The first person is used to maintain the first person address throughout.

[1:14]  ¹⁷ sn Rabbah was the Ammonite capital.

[1:14]  ¹⁸ sn The city wall symbolizes the city’s defenses and security.

[1:14]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “it”; the referent (the fire mentioned in the previous line) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[1:14]  ²⁰ tn Heb “with a war cry in the day of battle.”

[1:14]  ²¹ tn Heb “with wind in the day of the windstorm.”

[1:14]  sn A windstorm is a metaphor for judgment and destruction in the OT (see Isa 29:6; Jer 23:19) and ancient Near Eastern literature.