Yehezkiel 33:31
Konteks33:31 They come to you in crowds, 1 and they sit in front of you as 2 my people. They hear your words, but do not obey 3 them. For they talk lustfully, 4 and their heart is set on 5 their own advantage. 6
Yohanes 12:5-6
Konteks12:5 “Why wasn’t this oil sold for three hundred silver coins 7 and the money 8 given to the poor?” 12:6 (Now Judas 9 said this not because he was concerned about the poor, but because he was a thief. As keeper of the money box, 10 he used to steal what was put into it.) 11
Yohanes 19:12-15
Konteks19:12 From this point on, Pilate tried 12 to release him. But the Jewish leaders 13 shouted out, 14 “If you release this man, 15 you are no friend of Caesar! 16 Everyone who claims to be a king 17 opposes Caesar!” 19:13 When Pilate heard these words he brought Jesus outside and sat down on the judgment seat 18 in the place called “The Stone Pavement” 19 (Gabbatha in 20 Aramaic). 21 19:14 (Now it was the day of preparation 22 for the Passover, about noon. 23 ) 24 Pilate 25 said to the Jewish leaders, 26 “Look, here is your king!”
19:15 Then they 27 shouted out, “Away with him! Away with him! 28 Crucify 29 him!” Pilate asked, 30 “Shall I crucify your king?” The high priests replied, “We have no king except Caesar!”
[33:31] 1 tn Heb “as people come.” Apparently this is an idiom indicating that they come in crowds. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:264.
[33:31] 2 tn The word “as” is supplied in the translation.
[33:31] 4 tn Heb “They do lust with their mouths.”
[33:31] 5 tn Heb “goes after.”
[33:31] 6 tn The present translation understands the term often used for “unjust gain” in a wider sense, following M. Greenberg, who also notes that the LXX uses a term which can describe either sexual or ritual pollution. See M. Greenberg, Ezekiel (AB), 2:687.
[12:5] 7 tn Grk “three hundred denarii.” The denarius was a silver coin worth a standard day’s wage, so the value exceeded what a laborer could earn in a year (taking into account Sabbaths and feast days when no work was done).
[12:5] 8 tn The words “the money” are not in the Greek text, but are implied (as the proceeds from the sale of the perfumed oil).
[12:6] 9 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Judas) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[12:6] 10 tn Grk “a thief, and having the money box.” Dividing the single Greek sentence improves the English style.
[12:6] 11 sn This is a parenthetical note by the author. This is one of the indications in the gospels that Judas was of bad character before the betrayal of Jesus. John states that he was a thief and had responsibility for the finances of the group. More than being simply a derogatory note about Judas’ character, the inclusion of the note at this particular point in the narrative may be intended to link the frustrated greed of Judas here with his subsequent decision to betray Jesus for money. The parallel accounts in Matthew and Mark seem to indicate that after this incident Judas went away immediately and made his deal with the Jewish authorities to deliver up Jesus. Losing out on one source of sordid gain, he immediately went out and set up another.
[19:12] 13 tn Or “the Jewish authorities”; Grk “the Jews.” Here the phrase refers to the Jewish leaders, especially members of the Sanhedrin, and their servants (mentioned specifically as “the chief priests and their servants” in John 19:6). See the note on the phrase “Jewish leaders” in v. 7.
[19:12] 14 tn Grk “shouted out, saying.”
[19:12] 16 sn Is the author using the phrase Friend of Caesar in a technical sense, as a title bestowed on people for loyal service to the Emperor, or in a more general sense merely describing a person as loyal to the Emperor? L. Morris (John [NICNT], 798) thinks it is “unlikely” that the title is used in the technical sense, and J. H. Bernard (St. John [ICC], 2:621) argues that the technical sense of the phrase as an official title was not used before the time of Vespasian (
[19:12] 17 tn Grk “who makes himself out to be a king.”
[19:13] 18 tn Or “the judge’s seat.”
[19:13] sn The judgment seat (βῆμα, bhma) was a raised platform mounted by steps and usually furnished with a seat. It was used by officials in addressing an assembly or making official pronouncements, often of a judicial nature.
[19:13] 19 sn The precise location of the place called ‘The Stone Pavement’ is still uncertain, although a paved court on the lower level of the Fortress Antonia has been suggested. It is not certain whether it was laid prior to
[19:13] 20 tn Grk “in Hebrew.”
[19:13] sn The author does not say that Gabbatha is the Aramaic (or Hebrew) translation for the Greek term Λιθόστρωτον (Liqostrwton). He simply points out that in Aramaic (or Hebrew) the place had another name. A number of meanings have been suggested, but the most likely appears to mean “elevated place.” It is possible that this was a term used by the common people for the judgment seat itself, which always stood on a raised platform.
[19:13] 21 sn This is a parenthetical note by the author.
[19:14] 22 sn The term day of preparation (παρασκευή, paraskeuh) appears in all the gospels as a description of the day on which Jesus died. It could refer to any Friday as the day of preparation for the Sabbath (Saturday), and this is the way the synoptic gospels use the term (Matt 27:62, Mark 15:42, and Luke 23:54). John, however, specifies in addition that this was not only the day of preparation of the Sabbath, but also the day of preparation of the Passover, so that the Sabbath on the following day was the Passover (cf. 19:31).
[19:14] 23 tn Grk “about the sixth hour.”
[19:14] sn For John, the time was especially important. When the note concerning the hour, about noon, is connected with the day, the day of preparation for the Passover, it becomes apparent that Jesus was going to die on the cross at the very time that the Passover lambs were being slain in the temple courts. Exod 12:6 required that the Passover lamb be kept alive until the 14th Nisan, the eve of the Passover, and then slaughtered by the head of the household at twilight (Grk “between the two evenings”). By this time the slaughtering was no longer done by the heads of households, but by the priests in the temple courts. But so many lambs were needed for the tens of thousands of pilgrims who came to Jerusalem to celebrate the feast (some estimates run in excess of 100,000 pilgrims) that the slaughter could not be completed during the evening, and so the rabbis redefined “between the two evenings” as beginning at noon, when the sun began to decline toward the horizon. Thus the priests had the entire afternoon of 14th Nisan in which to complete the slaughter of the Passover lambs. According to the Fourth Gospel, this is the time Jesus was dying on the cross.
[19:14] 24 sn This is a parenthetical note by the author.
[19:14] 25 tn Grk “And he”; the referent (Pilate) has been specified in the translation for clarity, and the conjunction καί (kai, “and”) has not been translated here in keeping with the tendency of contemporary English style to use shorter sentences.
[19:14] 26 tn Or “the Jewish authorities”; Grk “the Jews.” Here the phrase refers to the Jewish leaders, especially members of the Sanhedrin, and their servants (mentioned specifically as “the chief priests and their servants” in John 19:6). See the note on the phrase “Jewish leaders” in v. 7.
[19:15] 27 tn Grk “Then these.”
[19:15] 28 tn The words “with him” (twice) are not in the Greek text. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context.
[19:15] 29 sn See the note on Crucify in 19:6.
[19:15] 30 tn Grk “Pilate said to them.” The words “to them” are not translated because it is clear in English who Pilate is addressing.