Galatia 4:2

4:2 But he is under guardians ¹  and managers until the date set by his ²  father.

Galatia 4:5

4:5 to redeem those who were under the law, so that we may be adopted as sons with full rights. ³ 

[4:2]  ¹ tn The Greek term translated “guardians” here is ἐπίτροπος (epitropo"), whose semantic domain overlaps with that of παιδαγωγός (paidagwgo") according to L&N 36.5.

[4:2]  ² tn Grk “the,” but the Greek article is used here as a possessive pronoun (ExSyn 215).

[4:5]  ³ tn The Greek term υἱοθεσία (Juioqesia) was originally a legal technical term for adoption as a son with full rights of inheritance. BDAG 1024 s.v. notes, “a legal t.t. of ‘adoption’ of children, in our lit., i.e. in Paul, only in a transferred sense of a transcendent filial relationship between God and humans (with the legal aspect, not gender specificity, as major semantic component).” Although some modern translations remove the filial sense completely and render the term merely “adoption” (cf. NAB), the retention of this component of meaning was accomplished in the present translation by the phrase “as sons.”