Kejadian 36:1

The Descendants of Esau

36:1 What follows is the account of Esau (also known as Edom). ¹ 

Kejadian 36:9

36:9 This is the account of Esau, the father ²  of the Edomites, in the hill country of Seir.

Kejadian 36:43

36:43 chief Magdiel, chief Iram. These were the chiefs of Edom, according to their settlements ³  in the land they possessed. This was Esau, the father of the Edomites.

Keluaran 15:15

15:15 Then the chiefs of Edom will be terrified, ⁴ 

trembling will seize ⁵  the leaders of Moab,

and the inhabitants of Canaan will shake.

Bilangan 20:14-21

Rejection by the Edomites

20:14 ⁶ Moses ⁷  sent messengers from Kadesh to the king of Edom: ⁸  “Thus says your brother Israel: ‘You know all the hardships we have experienced, ⁹  20:15 how our ancestors went down into Egypt, and we lived in Egypt a long time, ¹⁰  and the Egyptians treated us and our ancestors badly. ¹¹  20:16 So when we cried to the Lord, he heard our voice and sent a messenger, ¹²  and has brought us up out of Egypt. Now ¹³  we are here in Kadesh, a town on the edge of your country. ¹⁴  20:17 Please let us pass through ¹⁵  your country. We will not pass through the fields or through the vineyards, nor will we drink water from any well. We will go by the King’s Highway; ¹⁶  we will not turn to the right or the left until we have passed through your region.’” ¹⁷ 

20:18 But Edom said to him, “You will not pass through me, ¹⁸  or I will come out against ¹⁹  you with the sword.” 20:19 Then the Israelites said to him, “We will go along the highway, and if we ²⁰  or our cattle drink any of your water, we will pay for it. We will only pass through on our feet, without doing anything else.”

20:20 But he said, “You may not pass through.” Then Edom came out against them ²¹  with a large and powerful force. ²²  20:21 So Edom refused to give Israel passage through his border; therefore Israel turned away from him.

Ulangan 23:7

23:7 You must not hate an Edomite, for he is your relative; ²³  you must not hate an Egyptian, for you lived as a foreigner ²⁴  in his land.

Ulangan 23:2

23:2 A person of illegitimate birth ²⁵  may not enter the assembly of the Lord; to the tenth generation no one related to him may do so. ²⁶ 

Kisah Para Rasul 8:20

8:20 But Peter said to him, “May your silver perish with you, ²⁷  because you thought you could acquire ²⁸  God’s gift with money!

[36:1]  ¹ sn Chapter 36 records what became of Esau. It will list both his actual descendants as well as the people he subsumed under his tribal leadership, people who were aboriginal Edomites. The chapter is long and complicated (see further J. R. Bartlett, “The Edomite King-List of Genesis 36:31-39 and 1 Chronicles 1:43-50,” JTS 16 [1965]: 301-14; and W. J. Horowitz, “Were There Twelve Horite Tribes?” CBQ 35 [1973]: 69-71). In the format of the Book of Genesis, the line of Esau is “tidied up” before the account of Jacob is traced (37:2). As such the arrangement makes a strong contrast with Jacob. As F. Delitzsch says, “secular greatness in general grows up far more rapidly than spiritual greatness” (New Commentary on Genesis, 2:238). In other words, the progress of the world far out distances the progress of the righteous who are waiting for the promise.

[36:9]  ² sn The term father in genealogical records needs to be carefully defined. It can refer to a literal father, a grandfather, a political overlord, or a founder.

[36:43]  ³ tn Or perhaps “territories”; Heb “dwelling places.”

[15:15]  ⁴ tn This is a prophetic perfect.

[15:15]  ⁵ tn This verb is imperfect tense.

[20:14]  ⁶ sn For this particular section, see W. F. Albright, “From the Patriarchs to Moses: 2. Moses out of Egypt,” BA 36 (1973): 57-58; J. R. Bartlett, “The Land of Seir and the Brotherhood of Edom,” JTS 20 (1969): 1-20, and “The Rise and Fall of the Kingdom of Edom,” PEQ 104 (1972): 22-37, and “The Brotherhood of Edom,” JSOT 4 (1977): 2-7.

[20:14]  ⁷ tn Heb “And Moses sent.”

[20:14]  ⁸ sn Some modern biblical scholars are convinced, largely through arguments from silence, that there were no unified kingdoms in Edom until the 9th century, and no settlements there before the 12th century, and so the story must be late and largely fabricated. The evidence is beginning to point to the contrary. But the cities and residents of the region would largely be Bedouin, and so leave no real remains.

[20:14]  ⁹ tn Heb “found.”

[20:15]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “many days.”

[20:15]  ¹¹ tn The verb רָעַע (ra’a’) means “to act or do evil.” Evil here is in the sense of causing pain or trouble. So the causative stem in our passage means “to treat wickedly.”

[20:16]  ¹² tn The word could be rendered “angel” or “messenger.” Some ambiguity may be intended in this report.

[20:16]  ¹³ tn The Hebrew text uses הִנֵּה (hinneh) to emphasize the “here and now” aspect of the report to Edom.

[20:16]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “your border.”

[20:17]  ¹⁵ tn The request is expressed by the use of the cohortative, “let us pass through.” It is the proper way to seek permission.

[20:17]  ¹⁶ sn This a main highway running from Damascus in the north to the Gulf of Aqaba, along the ridge of the land. Some scholars suggest that the name may have been given by the later Assyrians (see B. Obed, “Observations on Methods of Assyrian Rule in Transjordan after the Palestinian Campaign of Tiglathpileser III,” JNES 29 [1970]: 177-86). Bronze Age fortresses have been discovered along this highway, attesting to its existence in the time of Moses. The original name came from the king who developed the highway, probably as a trading road (see S. Cohen, IDB 3:35-36).

[20:17]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “borders.”

[20:18]  ¹⁸ tn The imperfect tense here has the nuance of prohibition.

[20:18]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “to meet.”

[20:19]  ²⁰ tn The Hebrew text uses singular pronouns, “I” and “my,” but it is the people of Israel that are intended, and so it may be rendered in the plural. Similarly, Edom speaks in the first person, probably from the king. But it too could be rendered “we.”

[20:20]  ²¹ tn Heb “to meet him.”

[20:20]  ²² tn Heb “with many [heavy] people and with a strong hand.” The translation presented above is interpretive, but that is what the line means. It was a show of force, numbers and weapons, to intimidate the Israelites.

[23:7]  ²³ tn Heb “brother.”

[23:7]  ²⁴ tn Heb “sojourner.”

[23:2]  ²⁵ tn Or “a person born of an illegitimate marriage.”

[23:2]  ²⁶ tn Heb “enter the assembly of the Lord.” The phrase “do so” has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons to avoid redundancy.

[8:20]  ²⁷ tn Grk “May your silver together with you be sent into destruction.” This is a strong curse. The gifts of God are sovereignly bestowed and cannot be purchased.

[8:20]  ²⁸ tn Or “obtain.”