Hakim-hakim 2:1
Konteks2:1 The Lord’s angelic messenger 1 went up from Gilgal to Bokim. He said, “I brought you up from Egypt and led you into the land I had solemnly promised to give to your ancestors. 2 I said, ‘I will never break my agreement 3 with you,
Hakim-hakim 7:1-25
Konteks7:1 Jerub-Baal (that is, Gideon) and his men 4 got up the next morning and camped near the spring of Harod. 5 The Midianites 6 were camped north of them near the hill of Moreh in the valley. 7:2 The Lord said to Gideon, “You have too many men for me to hand Midian over to you. 7 Israel might brag, 8 ‘Our own strength has delivered us.’ 9 7:3 Now, announce to the men, 10 ‘Whoever is shaking with fear 11 may turn around and leave Mount Gilead.’” 12 Twenty-two thousand men 13 went home; 14 ten thousand remained. 7:4 The Lord spoke to Gideon again, “There are still too many men. 15 Bring them down to the water and I will thin the ranks some more. 16 When I say, ‘This one should go with you,’ pick him to go; 17 when I say, 18 ‘This one should not go with you,’ do not take him.” 19 7:5 So he brought the men 20 down to the water. Then the Lord said to Gideon, “Separate those who lap the water as a dog laps from those who kneel to drink.” 21 7:6 Three hundred men lapped; 22 the rest of the men 23 kneeled to drink water. 7:7 The Lord said to Gideon, “With the three hundred men who lapped I will deliver the whole army 24 and I will hand Midian over to you. 25 The rest of the men should go home.” 26 7:8 The men 27 who were chosen 28 took supplies 29 and their trumpets. Gideon 30 sent all the men of Israel back to their homes; 31 he kept only three hundred men. Now the Midianites 32 were camped down below 33 in the valley.
7:9 That night the Lord said to Gideon, 34 “Get up! Attack 35 the camp, for I am handing it over to you. 36 7:10 But if you are afraid to attack, go down to the camp with Purah your servant 7:11 and listen to what they are saying. Then you will be brave 37 and attack the camp.” So he went down with Purah his servant to where the sentries were guarding the camp. 38 7:12 Now the Midianites, Amalekites, and the people from the east covered the valley like a swarm of locusts. 39 Their camels could not be counted; they were as innumerable as the sand on the seashore. 7:13 When Gideon arrived, he heard a man telling another man about a dream he had. 40 The man 41 said, “Look! I had a dream. I saw 42 a stale cake of barley bread rolling into the Midianite camp. It hit a tent so hard it knocked it over and turned it upside down. The tent just collapsed.” 43 7:14 The other man said, 44 “Without a doubt this symbolizes 45 the sword of Gideon son of Joash, the Israelite. God is handing Midian and all the army over to him.”
7:15 When Gideon heard the report of the dream and its interpretation, he praised God. 46 Then he went back to the Israelite camp and said, “Get up, for the Lord is handing the Midianite army over to you!” 7:16 He divided the three hundred men into three units. 47 He gave them all trumpets and empty jars with torches inside them. 48 7:17 He said to them, “Watch me and do as I do. Watch closely! 49 I am going to the edge of the camp. Do as I do! 7:18 When I and all who are with me blow our trumpets, you also blow your trumpets all around the camp. Then say, ‘For the Lord and for Gideon!’”
7:19 Gideon took a hundred men to the edge of the camp 50 at the beginning of the middle watch, just after they had changed the guards. They blew their trumpets and broke the jars they were carrying. 51 7:20 All three units blew their trumpets and broke their jars. They held the torches in their left hand and the trumpets in their right. 52 Then they yelled, “A sword for the Lord and for Gideon!” 7:21 They stood in order 53 all around the camp. The whole army ran away; they shouted as they scrambled away. 54 7:22 When the three hundred men blew their trumpets, the Lord caused the Midianites to attack one another with their swords 55 throughout 56 the camp. The army fled to Beth Shittah on the way to Zererah. They went 57 to the border of Abel Meholah near Tabbath. 7:23 Israelites from Naphtali, Asher, and Manasseh answered the call and chased the Midianites. 58
7:24 Now Gideon sent messengers throughout the Ephraimite hill country who announced, “Go down and head off the Midianites. 59 Take control of the fords of the streams 60 all the way to Beth Barah and the Jordan River.” 61 When all the Ephraimites had assembled, 62 they took control of the fords 63 all the way to Beth Barah and the Jordan River. 7:25 They captured the two Midianite generals, Oreb and Zeeb. 64 They executed Oreb on the rock of Oreb and Zeeb 65 in the winepress of Zeeb. They chased the Midianites 66 and brought the heads of Oreb and Zeeb to Gideon, who was now on the other side of the Jordan River. 67
Hakim-hakim 1:16
Konteks1:16 Now the descendants of the Kenite, Moses’ father-in-law, went up with the people of Judah from the City of Date Palm Trees to Arad in the desert of Judah, 68 located in the Negev. 69 They went and lived with the people of Judah. 70
Hakim-hakim 1:1
Konteks1:1 After Joshua died, the Israelites asked 71 the Lord, “Who should lead the invasion against the Canaanites and launch the attack?” 72
Hakim-hakim 1:1-36
Konteks1:1 After Joshua died, the Israelites asked 73 the Lord, “Who should lead the invasion against the Canaanites and launch the attack?” 74 1:2 The Lord said, “The men of Judah should take the lead. 75 Be sure of this! I am handing the land over to them.” 76 1:3 The men of Judah said to their relatives, the men of Simeon, 77 “Invade our allotted land with us and help us attack the Canaanites. 78 Then we 79 will go with you into your allotted land.” So the men of Simeon went with them.
1:4 The men of Judah attacked, 80 and the Lord handed the Canaanites and Perizzites over to them. They killed ten thousand men at Bezek. 1:5 They met 81 Adoni-Bezek at Bezek and fought him. They defeated the Canaanites and Perizzites. 1:6 When Adoni-Bezek ran away, they chased him and captured him. Then they cut off his thumbs and big toes. 1:7 Adoni-Bezek said, “Seventy kings, with thumbs and big toes cut off, used to lick up 82 food scraps 83 under my table. God has repaid me for what I did to them.” 84 They brought him to Jerusalem, 85 where he died. 1:8 The men of Judah attacked Jerusalem and captured it. They put the sword to it and set the city on fire.
1:9 Later the men of Judah went down to attack the Canaanites living in the hill country, the Negev, and the lowlands. 86 1:10 The men of Judah attacked the Canaanites living in Hebron. (Hebron used to be called Kiriath Arba.) They killed Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai. 1:11 From there they attacked the people of Debir. 87 (Debir used to be called Kiriath Sepher.) 1:12 Caleb said, “To the man who attacks and captures Kiriath Sepher I will give my daughter Acsah as a wife.” 1:13 When Othniel son of Kenaz, Caleb’s younger brother, 88 captured it, Caleb 89 gave him his daughter Acsah as a wife.
1:14 One time Acsah 90 came and charmed her father 91 so she could ask him for some land. When she got down from her donkey, Caleb said to her, “What would you like?” 1:15 She answered, “Please give me a special present. 92 Since you have given me land in the Negev, now give me springs of water.” So Caleb gave her both the upper and lower springs. 93
1:16 Now the descendants of the Kenite, Moses’ father-in-law, went up with the people of Judah from the City of Date Palm Trees to Arad in the desert of Judah, 94 located in the Negev. 95 They went and lived with the people of Judah. 96
1:17 The men of Judah went with their brothers the men of Simeon 97 and defeated the Canaanites living in Zephath. They wiped out Zephath. 98 So people now call the city Hormah. 99 1:18 The men of Judah captured Gaza, Ashkelon, Ekron, and the territory surrounding each of these cities. 100
1:19 The Lord was with the men of Judah. They conquered 101 the hill country, but they could not 102 conquer the people living in the coastal plain, because they had chariots with iron-rimmed wheels. 103 1:20 Caleb received 104 Hebron, just as Moses had promised. He drove out the three Anakites. 1:21 The men of Benjamin, however, did not conquer the Jebusites living in Jerusalem. 105 The Jebusites live with the people of Benjamin in Jerusalem to this very day. 106
1:22 When the men 107 of Joseph attacked 108 Bethel, 109 the Lord was with them. 1:23 When the men of Joseph spied out Bethel (it used to be called Luz), 1:24 the spies spotted 110 a man leaving the city. They said to him, “If you show us a secret entrance into the city, we will reward you.” 1:25 He showed them a secret entrance into the city, and they put the city to the sword. But they let the man and his extended family leave safely. 1:26 He 111 moved to Hittite country and built a city. He named it Luz, and it has kept that name to this very day.
1:27 The men of Manasseh did not conquer Beth Shan, Taanach, or their surrounding towns. Nor did they conquer the people living in Dor, Ibleam, Megiddo 112 or their surrounding towns. 113 The Canaanites managed 114 to remain in those areas. 115 1:28 Whenever Israel was strong militarily, they forced the Canaanites to do hard labor, but they never totally conquered them.
1:29 The men of Ephraim did not conquer the Canaanites living in Gezer. The Canaanites lived among them in Gezer.
1:30 The men of Zebulun did not conquer the people living in Kitron and Nahalol. 116 The Canaanites lived among them and were forced to do hard labor.
1:31 The men of Asher did not conquer the people living in Acco or Sidon, 117 nor did they conquer Ahlab, Aczib, Helbah, Aphek, or Rehob. 118 1:32 The people of Asher live among the Canaanites residing in the land because they did not conquer them.
1:33 The men of Naphtali did not conquer the people living in Beth Shemesh or Beth Anath. 119 They live among the Canaanites residing in the land. The Canaanites 120 living in Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath were forced to do hard labor for them.
1:34 The Amorites forced the people of Dan to live in the hill country. They did not allow them to live in 121 the coastal plain. 1:35 The Amorites managed 122 to remain in Har Heres, 123 Aijalon, and Shaalbim. Whenever the tribe of Joseph was strong militarily, 124 the Amorites were forced to do hard labor. 1:36 The border of Amorite territory ran from the Scorpion Ascent 125 to Sela and on up. 126
[2:1] 1 sn See Exod 14:19; 23:20.
[2:1] 2 tn Heb “the land that I had sworn to your fathers.”
[2:1] 3 tn Or “covenant” (also in the following verse).
[7:1] 4 tn Heb “and all the people who were with him.”
[7:1] 5 sn The name Harod means, ironically, “trembling.”
[7:1] 6 tn Heb “Midian.” The LXX reads “and Amalek” (cf. v. 12; 6:33).
[7:2] 7 tn Heb “the people who are with you are too numerous for me to give Midian into their hand.”
[7:2] 8 tn Heb “might glorify itself against me.”
[7:2] 9 tn Heb “my hand has delivered me.”
[7:3] 10 tn Heb “call into the ears of the people.”
[7:3] 11 tn Heb “afraid and shaking.”
[7:3] 12 tc Many interpreters reject the MT reading “and leave Mount Gilead” for geographical reasons. A possible alternative, involving rather radical emendation of the Hebrew text, would be, “So Gideon tested them” (i.e., thinned the ranks in this manner).
[7:3] 13 tn Heb “people.” The translation uses “men” because warriors are in view, and in ancient Israelite culture these would be only males. (This is also the case in vv. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.)
[7:3] 14 tn Or “turned around, back.”
[7:4] 15 tn Heb “too many people.”
[7:4] 16 tn Heb “test them for you there.”
[7:4] 17 tn Heb “he should go with you.”
[7:4] 18 tn Heb also has “to you.”
[7:4] 19 tn Heb “he should not go.”
[7:5] 21 tn Heb “Everyone who laps with his tongue from the water, as a dog laps, put him by himself, as well as the one who gets down on his knees to drink.”
[7:6] 22 tc The Hebrew text adds, “with their hands to their mouths,” This makes no sense in light of v. 5, which distinguishes between dog-like lappers (who would not use their hands to drink) and those who kneel (who would use their hands). It seems likely that the words “with their hands to their mouths” have been misplaced from v. 6. They fit better at the end of v. 5 or v. 6. Perhaps these words were originally a marginal scribal note which was later accidentally inserted into the text in the wrong place.
[7:7] 24 tn Heb “you.” The Hebrew pronoun is masculine plural, probably referring to the entire army.
[7:7] 25 tn The Hebrew pronoun here is singular.
[7:7] 26 tn Heb “All the people should go, each to his place.”
[7:8] 28 tn The words “who were chosen” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
[7:8] 29 tn The Hebrew text has “in their hands.”
[7:8] 30 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Gideon) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[7:8] 33 tn The Hebrew text adds “him” (i.e., Gideon).
[7:9] 34 tn Heb “him”; the referent (Gideon) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[7:9] 35 tn Heb “Go down against.”
[7:9] 36 tn The Hebrew verbal form is a perfect, emphasizing the certainty of the promise.
[7:11] 37 tn Heb “your hands will be strengthened.”
[7:11] 38 tn Heb “to the edge of the ones in battle array who were in the camp.”
[7:12] 39 tn Heb “Midian, Amalek, and the sons of the east were falling in the valley like locusts in great number.”
[7:13] 40 tn Heb “And Gideon came, and, look, a man was relating to his friend a dream.”
[7:13] 41 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the man mentioned in the previous clause) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[7:13] 42 tn Heb “Look!” The repetition of this interjection, while emphatic in Hebrew, would be redundant in the English translation.
[7:13] 43 tn Heb “It came to the tent and struck it and it fell. It turned it upside down and the tent fell.”
[7:14] 44 tn Heb “answered and said.”
[7:14] 45 tn Heb “This can be nothing but.”
[7:15] 46 tn Heb “he bowed down” or “worshiped.”
[7:16] 48 tn Heb “the jars.” The noun has been replaced by the pronoun (“them”) in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[7:16] sn They hid the torches inside the earthenware jars to disguise their approach and to keep the torches from being extinguished by the breeze.
[7:19] 50 tn Heb “Gideon went, along with the hundred men who were with him, to the edge of the camp.”
[7:19] 51 tn Heb “that were in their hands.”
[7:20] 52 tn The Hebrew text adds, “in order to blow [them].” This has not been included in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[7:21] 53 tn Heb “each in his place.”
[7:22] 55 tn Heb “the
[7:22] 56 tc MT has “and throughout the camp,” but the conjunction (“and”) is due to dittography and should be dropped. Compare the ancient versions, which lack the conjunction here.
[7:22] 57 tn The words “they went” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
[7:24] 59 tn Heb “to meet Midian.”
[7:24] 60 tn Heb “capture before them the waters.”
[7:24] 61 tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation for clarification (also later in this verse).
[7:24] 62 tn Heb “And all the men of Ephraim were summoned.”
[7:24] 63 tn Heb “they captured the waters.”
[7:25] 64 sn The names Oreb and Zeeb, which mean “Raven” and “Wolf” respectively, are appropriate because the Midianites had been like scavengers and predators to Israel.
[7:25] 65 tn The Hebrew text repeats the verb “executed.” This has not been repeated in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[7:25] 67 tn Heb “beyond the Jordan.” The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text but has been supplied in the translation for clarity (also in 8:4).
[1:16] 68 tc Part of the Greek
[1:16] 69 tn Heb “[to] the Desert of Judah in the Negev, Arad.”
[1:16] 70 tn The phrase “of Judah” is supplied here in the translation. Some ancient textual witnesses read, “They went and lived with the Amalekites.” This reading, however, is probably influenced by 1 Sam 15:6 (see also Num 24:20-21).
[1:1] 71 tn The Hebrew verb translated “asked” (שָׁאַל, sha’al) refers here to consulting the
[1:1] 72 tn Heb “Who should first go up for us against the Canaanites to attack them?”
[1:1] 73 tn The Hebrew verb translated “asked” (שָׁאַל, sha’al) refers here to consulting the
[1:1] 74 tn Heb “Who should first go up for us against the Canaanites to attack them?”
[1:2] 75 tn Heb “Judah should go up.”
[1:2] 76 tn The Hebrew exclamation הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally, “Behold”), translated “Be sure of this,” draws attention to the following statement. The verb form in the following statement (a Hebrew perfect, indicating completed action from the standpoint of the speaker) emphasizes the certainty of the event. Though it had not yet taken place, the
[1:3] 77 tn Heb “Judah said to Simeon, his brother.”
[1:3] 78 tn Heb “Come up with me into our allotted land and let us attack the Canaanites.”
[1:3] 79 tn Heb “I.” The Hebrew pronoun is singular, agreeing with the collective singular “Judah” earlier in the verse. English style requires a plural pronoun here, however.
[1:4] 80 tn Heb “Judah went up.”
[1:7] 82 tn Elsewhere this verb usually carries the sense of “to gather; to pick up; to glean,” but “lick up” seems best here in light of the peculiar circumstances described by Adoni-Bezek.
[1:7] 83 tn The words “food scraps” are not in the Hebrew text, but are implied.
[1:7] 84 tn Heb “Just as I did, so God has repaid me.” Note that the phrase “to them” has been supplied in the translation to clarify what is meant.
[1:7] 85 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[1:9] 86 tn Or “foothills”; Heb “the Shephelah.”
[1:11] 87 tn Heb “they went from there against the inhabitants of Debir.” The LXX reads the verb as “they went up,” which suggests that the Hebrew text translated by the LXX read וַיַּעַל (vayya’al) rather than the MT’s וַיֵּלֶךְ (vayyelekh). It is possible that this is the text to be preferred in v. 11. Cf. Josh 15:15.
[1:13] 88 tn “Caleb’s younger brother” may refer to Othniel or to Kenaz (in which case Othniel was Caleb’s nephew; so CEV).
[1:13] 89 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Caleb) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[1:14] 90 tn Heb “she”; the referent (Acsah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[1:14] 91 tn Heb “him.” The pronoun could refer to Othniel, in which case one would translate, “she incited him [Othniel] to ask her father for a field.” This is problematic, however, for Acsah, not Othniel, makes the request in v. 15. The LXX has “he [Othniel] urged her to ask her father for a field.” This appears to be an attempt to reconcile the apparent inconsistency and probably does not reflect the original text. If Caleb is understood as the referent of the pronoun, the problem disappears. For a fuller discussion of the issue, see P. G. Mosca, “Who Seduced Whom? A Note on Joshua 15:18 // Judges 1:14,” CBQ 46 (1984): 18-22. The translation takes Caleb to be the referent, specified as “her father.”
[1:15] 92 tn Elsewhere the Hebrew word בְרָכָה (vÿrakhah) is often translated “blessing,” but here it refers to a gift (as in Gen 33:11; 1 Sam 25:27; 30:26; and 2 Kgs 5:15).
[1:15] 93 tn Some translations regard the expressions “springs of water” (גֻּלֹּת מָיִם, gullot mayim) and “springs” (גֻּלֹּת) as place names here (cf. NRSV).
[1:16] 94 tc Part of the Greek
[1:16] 95 tn Heb “[to] the Desert of Judah in the Negev, Arad.”
[1:16] 96 tn The phrase “of Judah” is supplied here in the translation. Some ancient textual witnesses read, “They went and lived with the Amalekites.” This reading, however, is probably influenced by 1 Sam 15:6 (see also Num 24:20-21).
[1:17] 97 tn Heb “Judah went with Simeon, his brother.”
[1:17] 98 tn Heb “it”; the referent (the city of Zephath) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[1:17] 99 sn The name Hormah (חָרְמָה, khormah) sounds like the Hebrew verb translated “wipe out” (חָרַם, kharam).
[1:18] 100 tn Heb “The men of Judah captured Gaza and its surrounding territory, Ashkelon and its surrounding territory, and Ekron and its surrounding territory.”
[1:19] 101 tn Or “seized possession of”; or “occupied.”
[1:19] 102 tc Several textual witnesses support the inclusion of this verb.
[1:19] 103 tn Regarding the translation “chariots with iron-rimmed wheels,” see Y. Yadin, The Art of Warfare in Biblical Lands, 255, and the article by R. Drews, “The ‘Chariots of Iron’ of Joshua and Judges,” JSOT 45 (1989): 15-23.
[1:20] 104 tn Heb “they gave to Caleb.”
[1:21] 105 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[1:21] 106 sn The statement to this very day reflects the perspective of the author, who must have written prior to David’s conquest of the Jebusites (see 2 Sam 5:6-7).
[1:22] 107 tn Heb “house.” This is a metonymy for the warriors from the tribe.
[1:22] 109 map For location see Map4 G4; Map5 C1; Map6 E3; Map7 D1; Map8 G3.
[1:27] 112 map For location see Map1 D4; Map2 C1; Map4 C2; Map5 F2; Map7 B1.
[1:27] 113 tn Heb “The men of Manasseh did not conquer Beth Shan and its surrounding towns, Taanach and its surrounding towns, the people living in Dor and its surrounding towns, the people living in Ibleam and its surrounding towns, or the people living in Megiddo and its surrounding towns.”
[1:27] 114 tn Or “were determined.”
[1:27] 115 tn Heb “in this land.”
[1:30] 116 tn Heb “the people living in Kitron and the people living in Nahalol.”
[1:31] 117 map For location see Map1 A1; JP3 F3; JP4 F3.
[1:31] 118 tn Heb “The men of Asher did not conquer the people living in Acco, the people living in Sidon, Ahlab, Acco, Helbah, Aphek, or Rehob.”
[1:33] 119 tn Heb “the people living in Beth Shemesh or the people living in Beth Anath.”
[1:33] 120 tn The term “Canaanites” is supplied here both for clarity and for stylistic reasons.
[1:34] 121 tn Heb “come down into.”
[1:35] 122 tn Or “were determined.”
[1:35] 123 tn Or “Mount Heres”; the term הַר (har) means “mount” or “mountain” in Hebrew.
[1:35] 124 tn Heb “Whenever the hand of the tribe of Joseph was heavy.”
[1:36] 125 tn Or “the Ascent of Scorpions” (עַקְרַבִּים [’aqrabbim] means “scorpions” in Hebrew).
[1:36] 126 tn Or “Amorite territory started at the Pass of the Scorpions at Sela and then went on up.”
