Imamat 1:2

1:2 “Speak to the Israelites and tell them, ‘When ¹  someone ²  among you presents an offering ³  to the Lord, ⁴  you ⁵  must present your offering from the domesticated animals, either from the herd or from the flock. ⁶ 

Imamat 12:6

12:6 “‘When ⁷  the days of her purification are completed for a son or for a daughter, she must bring a one year old lamb ⁸  for a burnt offering ⁹  and a young pigeon or turtledove for a sin offering ¹⁰  to the entrance of the Meeting Tent, to the priest.

Imamat 13:6

13:6 The priest must then examine it again on the seventh day, ¹¹  and if ¹²  the infection has faded and has not spread on the skin, then the priest is to pronounce the person clean. ¹³  It is a scab, ¹⁴  so he must wash his clothes ¹⁵  and be clean.

Imamat 13:21

13:21 If, however, ¹⁶  the priest examines it, and ¹⁷  there is no white hair in it, it is not deeper than the skin, and it has faded, then the priest is to quarantine him for seven days. ¹⁸ 

Imamat 13:25

13:25 the priest must examine it, ¹⁹  and if ²⁰  the hair has turned white in the bright spot and it appears to be deeper than the skin, ²¹  it is a disease that has broken out in the burn. ²²  The priest is to pronounce the person unclean. ²³  It is a diseased infection. ²⁴ 

Imamat 13:55

13:55 The priest must then examine it after the infection has been washed out, and if ²⁵  the infection has not changed its appearance ²⁶  even though the infection has not spread, it is unclean. You must burn it up in the fire. It is a fungus, whether on the back side or front side of the article. ²⁷ 

Imamat 16:17

16:17 Nobody is to be in the Meeting Tent ²⁸  when he enters to make atonement in the holy place until he goes out, and he has made atonement on his behalf, on behalf of his household, and on behalf of the whole assembly of Israel.

Imamat 20:17

20:17 “‘If a man has sexual intercourse with ²⁹  his sister, whether the daughter of his father or his mother, so that he sees her nakedness and she sees his nakedness, it is a disgrace. They must be cut off in the sight of the children of their people. ³⁰  He has exposed his sister’s nakedness; he will bear his punishment for iniquity. ³¹ 

Imamat 26:25

26:25 I will bring on you an avenging sword, a covenant vengeance. ³²  Although ³³  you will gather together into your cities, I will send pestilence among you and you will be given into enemy hands. ³⁴ 

[1:2]  ¹ tn “When” here translates the MT’s כִּי (ki, “if, when”), which regularly introduces main clauses in legislative contexts (see, e.g., Lev 2:1, 4; 4:2, etc.) in contrast to אִם (’im, “if”), which usually introduces subordinate sections (see, e.g., Lev 1:3, 10, 14; 2:5, 7, 14; 4:3, 13, etc.; cf. כִּי in Exod 21:2 and 7 as opposed to אִם in vv. 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, and 11).

[1:2]  sn Lev 1:1-2 serves as a heading for Lev 1-3 (i.e., the basic regulations regarding the presentation of the burnt, grain, and peace offerings) and, at the same time, leads directly into the section on “burnt offerings” in Lev 1:3. In turn, Lev 1:3-17 divides into three subsections, all introduced by אִם “if” (Lev 1:3-9, 10-13, and 14-17, respectively). Similar patterns are discernible throughout Lev 1:2-6:7 [5:26 HT].

[1:2]  ² tn Heb “a man, human being” (אָדָם, ’adam), which in this case refers to any person among “mankind,” male or female, since women could also bring such offerings (see, e.g., Lev 12:6-8; 15:29-30; cf. HALOT 14 s.v. I אָדָם); cf. NIV “any of you.”

[1:2]  ³ tn The verb “presents” is cognate to the noun “offering” in v. 2 and throughout the book of Leviticus (both from the root קרב [qrb]). One could translate the verb “offers,” but this becomes awkward and, in fact, inaccurate in some passages. For example, in Lev 9:9 this verb is used for the presenting or giving of the blood to Aaron so that he could offer it to the Lord. The blood is certainly not being “offered” as an offering to Aaron there.

[1:2]  ⁴ tn The whole clause reads more literally, “A human being (אָדָם, ’adam), if he brings from among you an offering to the Lord.”

[1:2]  ⁵ tn The shift to the second person plural verb here corresponds to the previous second person plural pronoun “among you.” It is distinct from the regular pattern of third person singular verbs throughout the rest of Lev 1-3. This too labels Lev 1:1-2 as an introduction to all of Lev 1-3, not just the burnt offering regulations in Lev 1 (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:146; cf. note 3 above).

[1:2]  ⁶ tn Heb “from the domesticated animal, from the herd, and from the flock.” It is clear from the subsequent division between animals from the “herd” (בָּקָר, baqar, in Lev 1:3-9) and the “flock” (צֹאן, tso’n; see Lev 1:10-13) that the term for “domesticated animal” (בְּהֵמָה, bÿhemah) is a general term meant to introduce the category of pastoral quadrupeds. The stronger disjunctive accent over בְּהֵמָה in the MT as well as the lack of a vav (ו) between it and בָּקָר also suggest בְּהֵמָה is an overall category that includes both “herd” and “flock” quadrupeds.

[1:2]  sn The bird category (Lev 1:14-17) is not included in this introduction because bird offerings were, by and large, concessions to the poor (cf., e.g., Lev 5:7-10; 12:8; 14:21-32) and, therefore, not considered to be one of the primary categories of animal offerings.

[12:6]  ⁷ tn Heb “And when” (so KJV, NASB). Many recent English versions leave the conjunction untranslated.

[12:6]  ⁸ tn Heb “a lamb the son of his year”; KJV “a lamb of the first year” (NRSV “in its first year”); NAB “a yearling lamb.”

[12:6]  ⁹ sn See the note on Lev 1:3 regarding the “burnt offering.”

[12:6]  ¹⁰ sn See the note on Lev 4:3 regarding the term “sin offering.”

[13:6]  ¹¹ tn That is, at the end of the second set of seven days referred to at the end of v. 5, a total of fourteen days after the first appearance before the priest.

[13:6]  ¹² tn Heb “and behold.”

[13:6]  ¹³ tn Heb “he shall make him clean.” The verb is the Piel of טָהֵר (taher, “to be clean”). Here it is a so-called “declarative” Piel (i.e., “to declare clean”), but it also implies that the person is put into the category of being “clean” by the pronouncement itself (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 176; cf. the corresponding opposite in v. 3 above).

[13:6]  ¹⁴ tn On the term “scab” see the note on v. 2 above. Cf. NAB “it was merely eczema”; NRSV “only an eruption”; NLT “only a temporary rash.”

[13:6]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “and he shall wash his clothes.”

[13:21]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “and if.”

[13:21]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV, NASB).

[13:21]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “and the priest will shut him up seven days.”

[13:25]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “and the priest shall see it.”

[13:25]  ²⁰ tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV).

[13:25]  ²¹ tn Heb “and its appearance is deep ‘from’ [comparative מִן (min) meaning ‘deeper than’] the skin.”

[13:25]  ²² tn Heb “it is a disease. In the burn it has broken out.”

[13:25]  ²³ tn This is the declarative Piel of the verb טָמֵא (tame’; cf. the note on v. 3 above).

[13:25]  ²⁴ tn For the rendering “diseased infection” see the note on v. 2 above.

[13:55]  ²⁵ tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV).

[13:55]  ²⁶ tn Heb “the infection has not changed its eye.” Smr has “its/his eyes,” as in vv. 5 and 37, but here it refers to the appearance of the article of cloth or leather, unlike vv. 5 and 37 where there is a preposition attached and it refers to the eyes of the priest.

[13:55]  ²⁷ tn The terms “back side” and “front side” are the same as those used in v. 42 for the “back or front bald area” of a man’s head. The exact meaning of these terms when applied to articles of cloth or leather is uncertain. It could refer, for example, to the inside versus the outside of a garment, or the back versus the front side of an article of cloth or leather. See J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:814, for various possibilities.

[16:17]  ²⁸ tn Heb “And all man shall not be in the tent of meeting.” The term for “a man, human being” (אָדָם, ’adam; see the note on Lev 1:2) refers to any person among “mankind,” male or female.

[20:17]  ²⁹ tn Heb “takes.” The verb “to take” in this context means “to engage in sexual intercourse,” though some English versions translate it as “marry” (e.g., NIV, NCV, TEV, CEV).

[20:17]  ³⁰ tn Regarding the “cut off” penalty, see the note on Lev 7:20.

[20:17]  ³¹ tn See the note on Lev 17:16 above.

[26:25]  ³² tn Heb “vengeance of covenant”; cf. NAB “the avenger of my covenant.”

[26:25]  ³³ tn Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) has a concessive force in this context.

[26:25]  ³⁴ tn Heb “in hand of enemy,” but Tg. Ps.-J. and Tg. Neof. have “in the hands of your enemies” (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 454).