Imamat 1:3

Burnt Offering Regulations: Animal from the Herd

1:3 “‘If his offering is a burnt offering ¹  from the herd he must present it as a flawless male; he must present it at the entrance ²  of the Meeting Tent for its ³  acceptance before the Lord.

Imamat 1:13

1:13 Then the one presenting the offering must wash the entrails and the legs in water, and the priest must present all of it and offer it up in smoke on the altar – it is a burnt offering, a gift of a soothing aroma to the Lord.

Imamat 4:21

4:21 He ⁴  must bring the rest of the bull outside the camp ⁵  and burn it just as he burned the first bull – it is the sin offering of the assembly.

Imamat 4:26

4:26 Then the priest ⁶  must offer all of its fat up in smoke on the altar like the fat of the peace offering sacrifice. So the priest will make atonement ⁷  on his behalf for ⁸  his sin and he will be forgiven. ⁹ 

Imamat 5:13

5:13 So the priest will make atonement ¹⁰  on his behalf for his sin which he has committed by doing one of these things, ¹¹  and he will be forgiven. ¹²  The remainder of the offering ¹³  will belong to the priest like the grain offering.’” ¹⁴ 

Imamat 5:17

Unknown trespass

5:17 “If a person sins and violates any of the Lord’s commandments which must not be violated ¹⁵  (although he did not know it at the time, ¹⁶  but later realizes he is guilty), then he will bear his punishment for iniquity ¹⁷ 

Imamat 6:20-21

6:20 “This is the offering of Aaron and his sons which they must present to the Lord on the day when he is anointed: a tenth of an ephah ¹⁸  of choice wheat flour ¹⁹  as a continual grain offering, half of it in the morning and half of it in the evening. 6:21 It must be made with olive oil on a griddle and you must bring it well soaked, ²⁰  so you must present a grain offering of broken pieces ²¹  as a soothing aroma to the Lord.

Imamat 7:14

7:14 He must present one of each kind of grain offering ²²  as a contribution offering ²³  to the Lord; it belongs to the priest who splashes the blood of the peace offering.

Imamat 7:16

7:16 “‘If his offering is a votive or freewill sacrifice, ²⁴  it may be eaten on the day he presents his sacrifice, and also the leftovers from it may be eaten on the next day, ²⁵ 

Imamat 7:18

7:18 If some of the meat of his peace offering sacrifice is ever eaten on the third day it will not be accepted; it will not be accounted to the one who presented it, since it is spoiled, ²⁶  and the person who eats from it will bear his punishment for iniquity. ²⁷ 

Imamat 7:30

7:30 With his own hands he must bring the Lord’s gifts. He must bring the fat with the breast ²⁸  to wave the breast as a wave offering before the Lord, ²⁹ 

Imamat 7:36

7:36 This is what the Lord commanded to give to them from the Israelites on the day Moses ³⁰  anointed them ³¹  – a perpetual allotted portion throughout their generations. ³² 

Imamat 8:22

8:22 Then he presented the second ram, the ram of ordination, ³³  and Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of the ram

Imamat 12:7

12:7 The priest ³⁴  is to present it before the Lord and make atonement ³⁵  on her behalf, and she will be clean ³⁶  from her flow of blood. ³⁷  This is the law of the one who bears a child, for the male or the female child.

Imamat 14:22

14:22 and two turtledoves or two young pigeons, ³⁸  which are within his means. ³⁹  One will be a sin offering and the other a burnt offering. ⁴⁰ 

Imamat 14:24

14:24 and the priest is to take the male lamb of the guilt offering and the log of olive oil and wave them ⁴¹  as a wave offering before the Lord.

Imamat 16:1

The Day of Atonement

16:1 The Lord spoke to Moses after the death of Aaron’s two sons when they approached the presence of the Lord ⁴²  and died,

Imamat 16:3

Day of Atonement Offerings

16:3 “In this way Aaron is to enter into the sanctuary – with a young bull ⁴³  for a sin offering ⁴⁴  and a ram for a burnt offering. ⁴⁵ 

Imamat 19:22

19:22 and the priest is to make atonement for him with the ram of the guilt offering before the Lord for his sin that he has committed, ⁴⁶  and he will be forgiven ⁴⁷  of his sin ⁴⁸  that he has committed.

Imamat 27:23

27:23 the priest will calculate for him the amount of its conversion value until the jubilee year, and he must pay ⁴⁹  the conversion value on that jubilee day as something that is holy to the Lord.

[1:3]  ¹ sn The burnt offering (עֹלָה, ’olah) was basically a “a gift of a soothing aroma to the Lord” (vv. 9, 13, 17). It could serve as a votive or freewill offering (e.g., Lev 22:18-20), an accompaniment of prayer and supplication (e.g., 1 Sam 7:9-10), part of the regular daily, weekly, monthly, and festival cultic pattern (e.g., Num 28-29), or to make atonement either alone (e.g., Lev 1:4; 16:24) or in combination with the grain offering (e.g., Lev 14:20) or sin offering (e.g., Lev 5:7; 9:7). See R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 4:996-1022.

[1:3]  ² tn Heb “door” (so KJV, ASV); NASB “doorway” (likewise throughout the book of Leviticus). The translation “door” or “doorway” may suggest a framed door in a casing to the modern reader, but here the term refers to the entrance to a tent.

[1:3]  ³ tn The NIV correctly has “it” in the text, referring to the acceptance of the animal (cf., e.g., RSV, NEB, NLT), but “he” in the margin, referring to the acceptance of the offerer (cf. ASV, NASB, JB). The reference to a “flawless male” in the first half of this verse suggests that the issue here is the acceptability of the animal to make atonement on behalf of the offerer (Lev 1:4; cf. NRSV “for acceptance in your behalf”).

[4:21]  ⁴ sn See the note on the word “slaughter” in v. 15.

[4:21]  ⁵ tn Heb “And he shall bring out the bull to from outside to the camp.”

[4:26]  ⁶ tn Heb “Then he”; the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity. Based on the parallel statements in 4:10 and 4:31, it is the priest who performs this action rather than the person who brought the offering.

[4:26]  ⁷ sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).

[4:26]  ⁸ tn Heb “from.” In this phrase the preposition מִן (min) may be referring to the reason or cause (“on account of, because of”; GKC 383 §119.z). As J. E. Hartley (Leviticus [WBC], 47) points out, “from” may refer to the removal of the sin, but is an awkward expression. Hartley also suggests that the phrasing might be “an elliptical expression for יְכַפֵּר עַל־לְטַהֵר אֶת־מִן, ‘he will make expiation for…to cleanse…from…,’ as in 16:30.”

[4:26]  ⁹ tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar).

[5:13]  ¹⁰ sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).

[5:13]  ¹¹ tn Heb “from one from these,” referring to the four kinds of violations of the law delineated in Lev 5:1-4 (see the note on Lev 5:5 above and cf. Lev 4:27).

[5:13]  ¹² tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar).

[5:13]  ¹³ tn Heb “and it”; the referent (the remaining portion of the offering) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[5:13]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “and it shall be to the priest like the grain offering,” referring to the rest of the grain that was not offered on the altar (cf. the regulations in Lev 2:3, 10).

[5:17]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “and does one from all of the commandments of the Lord which must not be done.”

[5:17]  ¹⁶ tn The words “at the time” are not in the Hebrew text, but are implied.

[5:17]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “and he did not know, and he shall be guilty and he shall bear his iniquity” (for the rendering “bear his punishment [for iniquity]”) see the note on Lev 5:1.) This portion of v. 17 is especially difficult. The translation offered here suggests (as in many other English versions) that the offender did not originally know that he had violated the Lord’s commandments, but then came to know it and dealt with it accordingly (cf. the corresponding sin offering section in Lev 5:1-4). Another possibility is that it refers to a situation where a person suspects that he violated something although he does not recollect it. Thus, he brings a guilt offering for his suspected violation (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:331-34, 361-63). See also R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 1:561-62.

[6:20]  ¹⁸ sn A tenth of an ephah is about 2.3 liters, one day’s ration for a single person (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:306).

[6:20]  ¹⁹ tn For the rendering “choice wheat flour” see the note on Lev 2:1.

[6:21]  ²⁰ tn The term rendered here “well soaked” (see, e.g., NRSV; the Hebrew term is מֻרְבֶּכֶת, murbbekhet) occurs only three times (here; 7:12, and 1 Chr 23:29), and is sometimes translated “well-mixed” (e.g., NIV, NCV, NLT; NASB “well stirred”; NAB “well kneaded”). The meaning is uncertain (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:399-400), but in Lev 7:12 it stands parallel to already prepared grain offerings either “mixed” (the Hebrew term is בְּלוּלֹת (bÿlulot), not מֻרְבֶּכֶת as in Lev 6:21 [6:14 HT]) or anointed with oil.

[6:21]  ²¹ tn Heb “broken bits [?] of a grain offering of pieces,” but the meaning of the Hebrew term rendered here “broken bits” (תֻּפִינֵי, tufiney) is quite uncertain. Some take it from the Hebrew verb “to break up, to crumble” (פַּת [pat]; e.g., the Syriac, NAB, NIV, NLT “broken” pieces) and others from “to bake” (אָפַה, ’afah; e.g., NRSV “baked pieces”). For a good summary of other proposed options, see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 90. Compare Lev 2:5-6 for the general regulations regarding this manner of grain offering. Similar but less problematic terminology is used there.

[7:14]  ²² tn Here the Hebrew text reads “offering” (קָרְבָּן, qorbban), not “grain offering” (מִנְחָה, minkhah), but in this context the term refers once again to the list in 7:12.

[7:14]  ²³ tn The term rendered “contribution offering” is תְּרוּמָה (tÿrumah), which generally refers to that which is set aside from the offerings to the Lord as prebends for the officiating priests (cf. esp. Lev 7:28-34 and R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 4:335-37). Cf. TEV “as a special contribution.”

[7:16]  ²⁴ tn For the distinction between votive and freewill offerings see the note on Lev 22:23 and the literature cited there.

[7:16]  ²⁵ tn Heb “and on the next day and the left over from it shall be eaten.”

[7:18]  ²⁶ tn Or “desecrated,” or “defiled,” or “forbidden.” For this difficult term see J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:422. Cf. NIV “it is impure”; NCV “it will become unclean”; NLT “will be contaminated.”

[7:18]  ²⁷ tn Heb “his iniquity he shall bear” (cf. Lev 5:1); NIV “will be held responsible”; NRSV “shall incur guilt”; TEV “will suffer the consequences.”

[7:30]  ²⁸ tn Heb “on the breast.”

[7:30]  ²⁹ tc Many Hebrew mss and some versions (esp. the LXX) limit the offerings in the last part of this verse to the fat portions, specifically, the fat and the fat lobe of the liver (see the BHS footnote). The verse is somewhat awkward in Hebrew but nevertheless correct.

[7:30]  tn Heb “the breast to wave it, a wave offering before the Lord.” Other possible translations are “to elevate the breast [as] an elevation offering before the Lord” (cf. NRSV) or “to present the breast [as] a presentation offering before the Lord.” See J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 91, J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:430-31, 461-72, and R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 3:63-67.

[7:36]  ³⁰ tn Heb “the day he”; the referent (Moses) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[7:36]  ³¹ tn Heb “which the Lord commanded to give to them in the day he anointed them from the children of Israel.” Thus v. 36 is tied syntactically to v. 35 (see the note there).

[7:36]  ³² tn Heb “for your generations”; cf. NIV “for the generations to come”; TEV “for all time to come.”

[8:22]  ³³ tn For “ordination offering” see Lev 7:37

[12:7]  ³⁴ tn Heb “and he” (i.e., the priest mentioned at the end of v. 6). The referent has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[12:7]  ³⁵ sn See the note on Lev 1:4 “make atonement.” The purpose of sin offering “atonement,” in particular, was to purge impurities from the tabernacle (see Lev 15:31 and 16:5-19, 29-34), whether they were caused by physical uncleannesses or by sins and iniquities. In this case, the woman has not “sinned” morally by having a child. Even Mary brought such offerings for giving birth to Jesus (Luke 2:22-24), though she certainly did not “sin” in giving birth to him. Note that the result of bringing this “sin offering” was “she will be clean,” not “she will be forgiven” (cf. Lev 4:20, 26, 31, 35; 5:10, 13). The impurity of the blood flow has caused the need for this “sin offering,” not some moral or relational infringement of the law (contrast Lev 4:2, “When a person sins by straying unintentionally from any of the commandments of the Lord”).

[12:7]  ³⁶ tn Or “she will be[come] pure.”

[12:7]  ³⁷ tn Heb “from her source [i.e., spring] of blood,” possibly referring to the female genital area, not just the “flow of blood” itself (as suggested by J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:761). Cf. ASV “from the fountain of her blood.”

[14:22]  ³⁸ tn Heb “from the sons of the pigeon,” referring either to “young pigeons” or “various species of pigeon” (contrast J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:168 with J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 14; cf. Lev 1:14 and esp. 5:7-10).

[14:22]  ³⁹ tn Heb “which his hand reaches”; NRSV “such as (which NIV) he can afford.”

[14:22]  ⁴⁰ tn Heb “and one shall be a sin offering and the one a burnt offering.” The versions struggle with whether or not “one” should or should not have the definite article in its two occurrences in this verse (KJV, ASV, NAB, NASB all have the English definite article with both). The MT has the first without and the second with the article.

[14:24]  ⁴¹ tn Heb “and the priest shall wave them.” In the present translation “priest” is not repeated a second time in the verse for stylistic reasons. With regard to the “waving” of the “wave offering,” see the note on v. 12 above.

[16:1]  ⁴² tn Heb “in their drawing near to the faces of the Lord.” The rendering here relies on the use of this expression for the very “presence” of God in Exod 33:14-15 and in the Lev 9:24-10:2 passage, where the Nadab and Abihu catastrophe referred to here is narrated.

[16:3]  ⁴³ tn Heb “with a bull, a son of the herd.”

[16:3]  ⁴⁴ sn See the note on Lev 4:3 regarding the term “sin offering.”

[16:3]  ⁴⁵ sn For the “burnt offering” see the note on Lev 1:3.

[19:22]  ⁴⁶ tn Heb “on his sin which he has sinned.”

[19:22]  ⁴⁷ tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him.”

[19:22]  ⁴⁸ tn Heb “from his sin.”

[27:23]  ⁴⁹ tn Heb “give” (so KJV, ASV, NASB, NLT).