Imamat 2:3

2:3 The remainder of the grain offering belongs to Aaron and to his sons ¹  – it is ²  most holy ³  from the gifts of the Lord.

Imamat 2:8

2:8 “‘You must bring the grain offering that must be made from these to the Lord. Present it to the priest, ⁴  and he will bring it to the altar.

Imamat 3:5

3:5 Then the sons of Aaron must offer it up in smoke on the altar atop the burnt offering that is on the wood in the fire as a gift of a soothing aroma to the Lord. ⁵ 

Imamat 5:1

Additional Sin Offering Regulations

5:1 “‘When a person sins ⁶  in that he hears a public curse against one who fails to testify ⁷  and he is a witness (he either saw or knew what had happened ⁸ ) and he does not make it known, ⁹  then he will bear his punishment for iniquity. ¹⁰ 

Imamat 7:14

7:14 He must present one of each kind of grain offering ¹¹  as a contribution offering ¹²  to the Lord; it belongs to the priest who splashes the blood of the peace offering.

Imamat 8:9

8:9 Finally, he set the turban ¹³  on his head and attached the gold plate, the holy diadem, ¹⁴  to the front of the turban just as the Lord had commanded Moses.

Imamat 8:21-22

8:21 but the entrails and the legs he washed with water, ¹⁵  and Moses offered the whole ram up in smoke on the altar – it was a burnt offering for a soothing aroma, a gift to the Lord, just as the Lord had commanded Moses. ¹⁶ 

8:22 Then he presented the second ram, the ram of ordination, ¹⁷  and Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of the ram

Imamat 13:30

13:30 the priest is to examine the infection, ¹⁸  and if ¹⁹  it appears to be deeper than the skin ²⁰  and the hair in it is reddish yellow and thin, then the priest is to pronounce the person unclean. ²¹  It is scall, ²²  a disease of the head or the beard. ²³ 

Imamat 14:45

14:45 He must tear down the house, ²⁴  its stones, its wood, and all the plaster of the house, and bring all of it ²⁵  outside the city to an unclean place.

Imamat 16:3

Day of Atonement Offerings

16:3 “In this way Aaron is to enter into the sanctuary – with a young bull ²⁶  for a sin offering ²⁷  and a ram for a burnt offering. ²⁸ 

Imamat 16:32-33

16:32 “The priest who is anointed and ordained to act as high priest in place of his father ²⁹  is to make atonement. He is to put on the linen garments, the holy garments, 16:33 and he is to purify ³⁰  the Most Holy Place, ³¹  he is to purify the Meeting Tent and the altar, ³²  and he is to make atonement for ³³  the priests and for all the people of the assembly.

Imamat 20:5-6

20:5 I myself will set my face against that man and his clan. I will cut off from the midst of their people both him and all who follow after him in spiritual prostitution, ³⁴  to commit prostitution by worshiping Molech. ³⁵ 

Prohibition against Spiritists and Mediums ³⁶ 

20:6 “‘The person who turns to the spirits of the dead and familiar spirits ³⁷  to commit prostitution by going after them, I will set my face ³⁸  against that person and cut him off from the midst of his people.

Imamat 20:10

20:10 If a man ³⁹  commits adultery with his neighbor’s wife, ⁴⁰  both the adulterer and the adulteress must be put to death.

Imamat 20:27

Prohibition against Spiritists and Mediums

20:27 “‘A man or woman who ⁴¹  has in them a spirit of the dead or a familiar spirit ⁴²  must be put to death. They must pelt them with stones; ⁴³  their blood guilt is on themselves.’”

Imamat 25:6

25:6 You may have the Sabbath produce ⁴⁴  of the land to eat – you, your male servant, your female servant, your hired worker, the resident foreigner who stays with you, ⁴⁵ 

Imamat 25:25

25:25 “‘If your brother becomes impoverished and sells some of his property, his near redeemer is to come to you and redeem what his brother sold. ⁴⁶ 

Imamat 27:16

Redemption of Vowed Fields

27:16 “‘If a man consecrates to the Lord some of his own landed property, the conversion value must be calculated in accordance with the amount of seed needed to sow it, ⁴⁷  a homer of barley seed being priced at fifty shekels of silver. ⁴⁸ 

[2:3]  ¹ tn Heb “…is to Aaron and to his sons.” The preposition “to” (לְ, lamed) indicates ownership. Cf. NAB, NASB, NIV and other English versions.

[2:3]  ² tn The words “it is” (הוּא, hu’) are not in the MT, but are supplied for the sake of translation into English. The Syriac also for translational reasons adds it between “most holy” and “from the gifts” (cf. 1:13, 17).

[2:3]  ³ tn Heb “holy of holies”; KJV, NASB “a thing most holy.”

[2:8]  ⁴ tc There are several person, gender, and voice verb problems in this verse. First, the MT has “And you shall bring the grain offering,” but the LXX and Qumran have “he” rather than “you” (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:185). Second, the MT has “which shall be made” (i.e., the 3rd person masculine Niphal passive verb which, in fact, does not agree with its feminine subject, מִנְחָה, minkhah, “grain offering”), while the LXX has “which he shall make” (3rd person Qal), thus agreeing with the LXX 3rd person verb at the beginning of the verse (see above). Third, the MT has a 3rd person vav consecutive verb “and he shall present it to the priest,” which agrees with the LXX but is not internally consistent with the 2nd person verb at the beginning of the verse in the MT. The BHS editors conjecture that the latter might be repointed to an imperative verb yielding “present it to the priest.” This would require no change of consonants and corresponds to the person of the first verb in the MT. This solution has been tentatively accepted here (cf. also J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 26-27), even though it neither resolves the gender problem of the second verb nor fits the general grammatical pattern of the chapter in the MT.

[3:5]  ⁵ tn Or “on the fire – [it is] a gift of a soothing aroma to the Lord” (see Lev 1:13b, 17b, and the note on 1:9b).

[5:1]  ⁶ tn Heb “And a person when he sins.” Most English versions translate this as the protasis of a conditional clause: “if a person sins” (NASB, NIV).

[5:1]  sn The same expression occurs in Lev 4:2 where it introduces sins done “by straying unintentionally from any of the commandments of the Lord which must not be done” (see the notes there). Lev 5:1-13 is an additional section of sin offering regulations directed at violations other than those referred to by this expression in Lev 4:2 (see esp. 5:1-6), and expanding on the offering regulations for the common person in Lev 4:27-35 with concessions to the poor common person (5:7-13).

[5:1]  ⁷ tn The words “against one who fails to testify” are not in the Hebrew text, but have been supplied to make sense of the remark about the “curse” (“imprecation” or “oath”; cf. ASV “adjuration”; NIV “public charge”) for the modern reader. For the interpretation of this verse reflected in the present translation see J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:292-97.

[5:1]  ⁸ tn The words “what had happened” are not in the Hebrew text, but are implied.

[5:1]  ⁹ tn Heb “and hears a voice of curse, and he is a witness or he saw or he knew, if he does not declare.”

[5:1]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “and he shall bear his iniquity.” The rendering “bear the punishment (for the iniquity)” reflects the use of the word “iniquity” to refer to the punishment for iniquity (cf. NRSV, NLT “subject to punishment”). It is sometimes referred to as the consequential use of the term (cf. Lev 5:17; 7:18; 10:17; etc.).

[7:14]  ¹¹ tn Here the Hebrew text reads “offering” (קָרְבָּן, qorbban), not “grain offering” (מִנְחָה, minkhah), but in this context the term refers once again to the list in 7:12.

[7:14]  ¹² tn The term rendered “contribution offering” is תְּרוּמָה (tÿrumah), which generally refers to that which is set aside from the offerings to the Lord as prebends for the officiating priests (cf. esp. Lev 7:28-34 and R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 4:335-37). Cf. TEV “as a special contribution.”

[8:9]  ¹³ tn Although usually thought to be a “turban” (and so translated by the majority of English versions) this object might be only a “turban-like headband” wound around the forehead area (HALOT 624 s.v. מִצְנֶפֶת).

[8:9]  sn The turban consisted of wound-up linen (cf. Exod 28:4, 37, 39; 29:6; 39:31; Lev 16:4).

[8:9]  ¹⁴ sn The gold plate was attached as a holy diadem to the front of the turban by means of a blue cord, and had written on it “Holy to the Lord” (Exod 28:36-37; 39:30-31). This was a particularly important article of high priestly clothing in that it served as the main emblem indicating Aaron’s acceptable representation of Israel before the Lord (Exod 28:38).

[8:21]  ¹⁵ tn Again, Aaron probably did the washing (v. 21a), but Moses presented the portions on the altar (v. 21b; cf. the note on v. 15 above).

[8:21]  ¹⁶ tn See Lev 1:9, 13.

[8:22]  ¹⁷ tn For “ordination offering” see Lev 7:37

[13:30]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “and the priest shall see the infection.”

[13:30]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “and behold.”

[13:30]  ²⁰ tn Heb “its appearance is deep ‘from’ (comparative מִן, min, “deeper than”) the skin.”

[13:30]  ²¹ tn This is the declarative Piel of the verb טָמֵא (tame’; cf. the note on v. 3 above).

[13:30]  ²² tn The exact identification of this disease is unknown. Cf. KJV “dry scall”; NASB “a scale”; NIV, NCV, NRSV “an itch”; NLT “a contagious skin disease.” For a discussion of “scall” disease in the hair, which is a crusty scabby disease of the skin under the hair that also affects the hair itself, see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 192-93, and J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:793-94. The Hebrew word rendered “scall” (נֶתֶק, neteq) is related to a verb meaning “to tear; to tear out; to tear apart.” It may derive from the scratching and/or the tearing out of the hair or the scales of the skin in response to the itching sensation caused by the disease.

[13:30]  ²³ tn Heb “It is scall. It is the disease of the head or the beard.”

[14:45]  ²⁴ tn Smr, LXX, Syriac, and Tg. Ps.-J. have the plural verb, perhaps suggesting a passive translation, “The house…shall be torn down” (cf. NAB, NIV, TEV, NLT, and see the note on v. 4b above).

[14:45]  ²⁵ tn Once again, Smr, LXX, and Syriac have the plural verb, perhaps to be rendered passive, “shall be brought.”

[16:3]  ²⁶ tn Heb “with a bull, a son of the herd.”

[16:3]  ²⁷ sn See the note on Lev 4:3 regarding the term “sin offering.”

[16:3]  ²⁸ sn For the “burnt offering” see the note on Lev 1:3.

[16:32]  ²⁹ tn Heb “And the priest whom he shall anointed him and whom he shall fill his hand to act as priest under his father.” Imperfect active verbs are often used as passives (see, e.g., v. 27 above and the note on Lev 14:4).

[16:33]  ³⁰ tn Heb “to atone” (also later in this verse); see the note on “purifying the holy place” in 16:20.

[16:33]  ³¹ tn Heb “the sanctuary of the holy place.” Although this is the only place this expression occurs in the OT, it clearly refers to the innermost shrine behind the veil-canopy, where the ark of the covenant was located.

[16:33]  ³² tn Heb “and the tent of meeting and the alter he shall atone.” The repetition of the verb כִּפֶּר (kipper, “to atone”) at the beginning and end of the sequence appears to be strange, but the MT accents suggest that only “the Most Holy Place” goes with the verb at the beginning of the verse. Of course, the purging of “the Most Holy Place” has been the main emphasis of this chapter from the start (see vv. 2-3 and 11-17).

[16:33]  ³³ tn At this point in the verse the verb כִּפֶּר (kipper, “to make atonement”) takes its object with the preposition עַל (’al, “for”; literally, “upon”; contrast the first part of the verse and cf. the notes on Lev 1:4 and 16:20 above).

[20:5]  ³⁴ tn The adjective “spiritual” has been supplied in the translation to clarify that this is not a reference to literal prostitution, but figuratively compares idolatry to prostitution.

[20:5]  ³⁵ tn Heb “to commit harlotry after Molech.” The translation employs “worshiping” here for clarity (cf. NAB, NCV, TEV, CEV, NLT). On the “cut off” penalty see the note on Lev 7:20.

[20:6]  ³⁶ sn For structure and coherence in Lev 20:6-27 see the note on v. 27 below.

[20:6]  ³⁷ tn See the note on the phrase “familiar spirits” in Lev 19:31 above.

[20:6]  ³⁸ tn Heb “I will give my faces.”

[20:10]  ³⁹ tn Heb “And a man who.” The syntax here and at the beginning of the following verses elliptically mirrors that of v. 9, which justifies the rendering as a conditional clause.

[20:10]  ⁴⁰ tc The reading of the LXX minuscule mss has been followed here (see the BHS footnote a-a). The MT has a dittography, repeating “a man who commits adultery with the wife of” (see the explanation in J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 328). The duplication found in the MT is reflected in some English versions, e.g., KJV, ASV, NASB, NIV.

[20:27]  ⁴¹ tc Smr, LXX, Syriac, and some Targum mss have the relative pronoun אֲשֶׁר (’asher, “who, which”), rather than the MT’s כִּי (ki, “for, because, that”).

[20:27]  ⁴² tn See the note on the phrase “familiar spirit” in Lev 19:31 above.

[20:27]  ⁴³ tn This is not the most frequently-used Hebrew verb for stoning, but a word that refers to the action of throwing, slinging, or pelting someone with stones (see the note on v. 2 above). Smr and LXX have “you [plural] shall pelt them with stones.”

[20:27]  sn At first glance Lev 20:27 appears to be out of place but, on closer examination, one could argue that it constitutes the back side of an envelope around the case laws in 20:9-21, with Lev 20:6 forming the front of the envelope (note also that execution of mediums and spiritists by stoning in v. 27 is not explicitly stated in v. 6). This creates a chiastic structure: prohibition against mediums and spiritists (vv. 6 and 27), variations of the holiness formula (vv. 7 and 25-26), and exhortations to obey the Lord’s statutes (and judgments; vv. 8 and 22-24). Again, in the middle are the case laws (vv. 9-21).

[25:6]  ⁴⁴ tn The word “produce” is not in the Hebrew text but is implied; cf. NASB “the sabbath products.”

[25:6]  ⁴⁵ tn A “resident who stays” would be a foreign person who was probably residing as another kind of laborer in the household of a landowner (B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 170-71). See v. 35 below.

[25:25]  ⁴⁶ tn Heb “the sale of his brother.”

[27:16]  ⁴⁷ tn Heb “a conversion value shall be to the mouth of its seed.”

[27:16]  ⁴⁸ tn Heb “seed of a homer of barley in fifty shekels of silver.”