Imamat 4:24

4:24 He must lay his hand on the head of the male goat and slaughter ¹  it in the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered before the Lord – it is a sin offering.

Keluaran 30:10

30:10 Aaron is to make atonement on its horns once in the year with some of the blood of the sin offering for atonement; ²  once in the year ³  he is to make atonement on it throughout your generations. It is most holy to the Lord.” ⁴ 

Imamat 5:6-13

5:6 and he must bring his penalty for guilt ⁵  to the Lord for his sin that he has committed, a female from the flock, whether a female sheep or a female goat, for a sin offering. So the priest will make atonement ⁶  on his behalf for ⁷  his sin.

5:7 “‘If he cannot afford an animal from the flock, ⁸  he must bring his penalty for guilt for his sin that he has committed, ⁹  two turtledoves or two young pigeons, ¹⁰  to the Lord, one for a sin offering and one for a burnt offering. 5:8 He must bring them to the priest and present first the one that is for a sin offering. The priest ¹¹  must pinch ¹²  its head at the nape of its neck, but must not sever the head from the body. ¹³  5:9 Then he must sprinkle ¹⁴  some of the blood of the sin offering on the wall of the altar, and the remainder of the blood ¹⁵  must be squeezed out at the base of the altar – it is a sin offering. 5:10 The second bird ¹⁶  he must make a burnt offering according to the standard regulation. ¹⁷  So the priest will make atonement ¹⁸  on behalf of this person for ¹⁹  his sin which he has committed, and he will be forgiven. ²⁰ 

5:11 “‘If he cannot afford ²¹  two turtledoves or two young pigeons, ²²  he must bring as his offering for his sin which he has committed ²³  a tenth of an ephah ²⁴  of choice wheat flour ²⁵  for a sin offering. He must not place olive oil on it and he must not put frankincense on it, because it is a sin offering. 5:12 He must bring it to the priest and the priest must scoop out from it a handful as its memorial portion ²⁶  and offer it up in smoke on the altar on top of the other gifts of the Lord – it is a sin offering. 5:13 So the priest will make atonement ²⁷  on his behalf for his sin which he has committed by doing one of these things, ²⁸  and he will be forgiven. ²⁹  The remainder of the offering ³⁰  will belong to the priest like the grain offering.’” ³¹ 

[4:24]  ¹ tn The LXX has a plural form here and also for the same verb later in the verse. See the note on Lev 1:5a.

[30:10]  ² tn The word “atonements” (plural in Hebrew) is a genitive showing the result or product of the sacrifice made.

[30:10]  ³ sn This ruling presupposes that the instruction for the Day of Atonement has been given, or at the very least, is to be given shortly. That is the one day of the year that all sin and all ritual impurity would be removed.

[30:10]  ⁴ sn The phrase “most holy to the Lord” means that the altar cannot be used for any other purpose than what is stated here.

[5:6]  ⁵ tn In this context the word for “guilt” (אָשָׁם, ’asham) refers to the “penalty” for incurring guilt, the so-called consequential אָשָׁם (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:303; cf. the note on Lev 5:1).

[5:6]  ⁶ sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).

[5:6]  ⁷ tn See the note on 4:26 regarding the use of מִן (min).

[5:7]  ⁸ tn Heb “and if his hand does not reach enough of a flock animal” (see the note on v. 11 below). The term translated “animal from the flock” (שֶׂה, seh) is often translated “lamb” (e.g., KJV, NASB, NIV, NCV) or “sheep” (e.g., NRSV, TEV, NLT), but it clearly includes either a sheep or a goat here (cf. v. 6), referring to the smaller pasture animals as opposed to the larger ones (i.e., cattle; cf. 4:3). Some English versions use the more generic “animal” (e.g., NAB, CEV).

[5:7]  ⁹ tn Heb “and he shall bring his guilt which he sinned,” which is an abbreviated form of Lev 5:6, “and he shall bring his [penalty for] guilt to the Lord for his sin which he committed.” The words “for his sin” have been left out in v. 7, and “to the Lord” has been moved so that it follows the mention of the birds.

[5:7]  ¹⁰ tn See the note on Lev 1:14 above.

[5:8]  ¹¹ tn Heb “he.” The subject (“he”) refers to the priest here, not the offerer who presented the birds to the priest (cf. v. 8a).

[5:8]  ¹² sn The action seems to involve both a twisting action, breaking the neck of the bird and severing its vertebrae, as well as pinching or nipping the skin, but in this case not severing the head from the main body (note the rest of this verse).

[5:8]  ¹³ tn Heb “he shall not divide [it]” (see J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:305).

[5:9]  ¹⁴ tn The Hebrew verb וְהִזָּה (vÿhizzah, Hiphil of נָזָה, nazah) does indeed mean “sprinkle” or “splatter” (cf. Lev 4:6, 17). Contrast “splash” in Lev 1:5, etc. (זָרָק, zaraq).

[5:9]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “the remainder in the blood.” The Heb. preposition “in” (בְּ, bÿ) is used here to mean “some among” a whole collection of something.

[5:10]  ¹⁶ tn The word “bird” is not in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation for clarity.

[5:10]  ¹⁷ sn The term “[standard] regulation” (מִשְׁפָּט, mishppat) here refers to the set of regulations for burnt offering birds in Lev 1:14-17.

[5:10]  ¹⁸ sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).

[5:10]  ¹⁹ tn See the note on 4:26 with regard to מִן, min.

[5:10]  ²⁰ tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar).

[5:11]  ²¹ tn Heb “and if his hand does not reach [or is not sufficient] to”; cf. NASB “if his means are insufficient for.” The expression is the same as that in Lev 5:7 above except for the verb: נָשַׂג (nasag, “to collect, to reach, to be sufficient”) is used here, but נָגַע (nagah, “to touch, to reach”) is used in v. 7. Smr has the former in both v. 7 and 11.

[5:11]  ²² tn See the note on Lev 1:14 above (cf. also 5:7).

[5:11]  ²³ tn Heb “and he shall bring his offering which he sinned.” Like the similar expression in v. 7 above (see the note there), this is an abbreviated form of Lev 5:6, “and he shall bring his [penalty for] guilt to the Lord for his sin which he committed.” Here the words “to the Lord for his sin” have been left out, and “his [penalty for] guilt” has been changed to “his offering.”

[5:11]  ²⁴ sn A tenth of an ephah would be about 2.3 liters, one day’s ration for a single person (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:306). English versions handle the amount somewhat differently, cf. NCV “about two quarts”; TEV “one kilogramme”; CEV “two pounds.”

[5:11]  ²⁵ tn See the note on Lev 2:1 above.

[5:12]  ²⁶ sn The “memorial portion” (אַזְכָּרָה, ’azkkarah) was the part of the grain offering that was burnt on the altar (Lev 2:2), as opposed to the remainder, which was normally consumed by the priests (Lev 2:3; see the full regulations in Lev 6:14-23 [6:7-16 HT]). It was probably intended to call to mind (i.e., memorialize) before the Lord the reason for the presentation of the particular offering (see the remarks in R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 1:335-39).

[5:13]  ²⁷ sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).

[5:13]  ²⁸ tn Heb “from one from these,” referring to the four kinds of violations of the law delineated in Lev 5:1-4 (see the note on Lev 5:5 above and cf. Lev 4:27).

[5:13]  ²⁹ tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar).

[5:13]  ³⁰ tn Heb “and it”; the referent (the remaining portion of the offering) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[5:13]  ³¹ tn Heb “and it shall be to the priest like the grain offering,” referring to the rest of the grain that was not offered on the altar (cf. the regulations in Lev 2:3, 10).