Imamat 5:12-19
Konteks5:12 He must bring it to the priest and the priest must scoop out from it a handful as its memorial portion 1 and offer it up in smoke on the altar on top of the other gifts of the Lord – it is a sin offering. 5:13 So the priest will make atonement 2 on his behalf for his sin which he has committed by doing one of these things, 3 and he will be forgiven. 4 The remainder of the offering 5 will belong to the priest like the grain offering.’” 6
5:14 Then the Lord spoke to Moses: 7 5:15 “When a person commits a trespass 8 and sins by straying unintentionally 9 from the regulations about the Lord’s holy things, 10 then he must bring his penalty for guilt 11 to the Lord, a flawless ram from the flock, convertible into silver shekels according to the standard of the sanctuary shekel, 12 for a guilt offering. 13 5:16 And whatever holy thing he violated 14 he must restore and must add one fifth to it and give it to the priest. So the priest will make atonement 15 on his behalf with the guilt offering ram and he will be forgiven.” 16
5:17 “If a person sins and violates any of the Lord’s commandments which must not be violated 17 (although he did not know it at the time, 18 but later realizes he is guilty), then he will bear his punishment for iniquity 19 5:18 and must bring a flawless ram from the flock, convertible into silver shekels, 20 for a guilt offering to the priest. So the priest will make atonement 21 on his behalf for his error which he committed 22 (although he himself had not known it) and he will be forgiven. 23 5:19 It is a guilt offering; he was surely guilty before the Lord.”
[5:12] 1 sn The “memorial portion” (אַזְכָּרָה, ’azkkarah) was the part of the grain offering that was burnt on the altar (Lev 2:2), as opposed to the remainder, which was normally consumed by the priests (Lev 2:3; see the full regulations in Lev 6:14-23 [6:7-16 HT]). It was probably intended to call to mind (i.e., memorialize) before the
[5:13] 2 sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).
[5:13] 3 tn Heb “from one from these,” referring to the four kinds of violations of the law delineated in Lev 5:1-4 (see the note on Lev 5:5 above and cf. Lev 4:27).
[5:13] 4 tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar).
[5:13] 5 tn Heb “and it”; the referent (the remaining portion of the offering) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[5:13] 6 tn Heb “and it shall be to the priest like the grain offering,” referring to the rest of the grain that was not offered on the altar (cf. the regulations in Lev 2:3, 10).
[5:14] 7 sn The quotation introduced here extends from Lev 5:14 through 5:19, encompassing the first main section of guilt offering regulations. Compare the notes on Lev 1:1; 4:1; and 6:1 [5:20 HT].
[5:15] 8 tn Heb “trespasses a trespass” (verb and direct object from the same Hebrew root, מַעַל, ma’al); cf. NIV “commits a violation.” The word refers to some kind of overstepping of the boundary between that which is common (i.e., available for common use by common people) and that which is holy (i.e., to be used only for holy purposes because it has been consecrated to the
[5:15] 9 tn See Lev 4:2 above for a note on “straying.”
[5:15] 10 sn Heb “from the holy things of the
[5:15] 11 tn Here the word for “guilt” (אָשָׁם, ’asham) refers to the “penalty” for incurring guilt, the so-called consequential use of אָשָׁם (’asham; see J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:303).
[5:15] 12 tn Heb “in your valuation, silver of shekels, in the shekel of the sanctuary.” The translation offered here suggests that, instead of a ram, the guilt offering could be presented in the form of money (see, e.g., NRSV; J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:326-27). Others still maintain the view that it refers to the value of the ram that was offered (see, e.g., NIV “of the proper value in silver, according to the sanctuary shekel”; also NAB, NLT; J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 72-73, 81).
[5:15] sn The sanctuary shekel was about 10 grams (= ca. two fifths of an ounce; J. E. Shepherd, NIDOTTE 4:237-38).
[5:15] 13 tn The word for “guilt offering” (sometimes translated “reparation offering”) is the same as “guilt” earlier in the verse (rendered there “[penalty for] guilt”). One can tell which is intended only by the context.
[5:15] sn The primary purpose of the guilt offering was to “atone” (see the note on Lev 1:4 above) for “trespassing” on the
[5:16] 14 tn Heb “and which he sinned from the holy thing.”
[5:16] 15 sn Regarding “make atonement” see the note on Lev 1:4.
[5:16] 16 tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar).
[5:17] 17 tn Heb “and does one from all of the commandments of the
[5:17] 18 tn The words “at the time” are not in the Hebrew text, but are implied.
[5:17] 19 tn Heb “and he did not know, and he shall be guilty and he shall bear his iniquity” (for the rendering “bear his punishment [for iniquity]”) see the note on Lev 5:1.) This portion of v. 17 is especially difficult. The translation offered here suggests (as in many other English versions) that the offender did not originally know that he had violated the
[5:18] 20 tn The statement here is condensed. See the full expression in 5:15 and the note there.
[5:18] 21 sn Regarding “make atonement” see the note on Lev 1:4.
[5:18] 22 tn Heb “on his straying which he strayed.” See the note on Lev 4:2.
[5:18] 23 tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV and NASB both similar).
