Yesaya 20:4

20:4 so the king of Assyria will lead away the captives of Egypt and the exiles of Cush, both young and old. They will be in undergarments and barefoot, with the buttocks exposed; the Egyptians will be publicly humiliated. ¹ 

Yesaya 47:2-3

47:2 Pick up millstones and grind flour!

Remove your veil,

strip off your skirt,

expose your legs,

cross the streams!

47:3 Let your private parts be exposed!

Your genitals will be on display! ² 

I will get revenge;

I will not have pity on anyone,” ³ 

Yeremia 13:22

13:22 You will probably ask yourself, ⁴ 

‘Why have these things happened to me?

Why have I been treated like a disgraced adulteress

whose skirt has been torn off and her limbs exposed?’ ⁵ 

It is because you have sinned so much. ⁶ 

Yehezkiel 16:36-37

16:36 This is what the sovereign Lord says: Because your lust ⁷  was poured out and your nakedness was uncovered in your prostitution with your lovers, and because of all your detestable idols, and because of the blood of your children you have given to them, 16:37 therefore, take note: I am about to gather all your lovers whom you enjoyed, both all those you loved and all those you hated. I will gather them against you from all around, and I will expose your nakedness to them, and they will see all your nakedness. ⁸ 

Yehezkiel 23:25-29

23:25 I will direct ⁹  my jealous anger against you, and they will deal with you in rage. They will cut off your nose and your ears, ¹⁰  and your survivors will die ¹¹  by the sword. They will seize your sons and daughters, and your survivors will be consumed by fire. 23:26 They will strip your clothes off you and take away your beautiful jewelry. 23:27 So I will put an end to your obscene conduct and your prostitution which you have practiced in the land of Egypt. ¹²  You will not seek their help ¹³  or remember Egypt anymore.

23:28 “For this is what the sovereign Lord says: Look here, ¹⁴  I am about to deliver you over to ¹⁵  those whom you hate, to those with whom you were disgusted. 23:29 They will treat you with hatred, take away all you have labored for, ¹⁶  and leave you naked and bare. Your nakedness will be exposed, just as when you engaged in prostitution and obscene conduct. ¹⁷ 

Mikha 1:11

1:11 Residents ¹⁸  of Shaphir, ¹⁹  pass by in nakedness and humiliation! ²⁰ 

The residents of Zaanan can’t leave their city. ²¹ 

Beth Ezel ²²  mourns, ²³ 

“He takes from you what he desires.” ²⁴ 

Nahum 3:5

3:5 I am against you,” declares the Lord who commands armies. ²⁵ 

“I will strip off your clothes! ²⁶ 

I will show your nakedness to the nations

and your shame to the kingdoms;

[20:4]  ¹ tn Heb “lightly dressed and barefoot, and bare with respect to the buttocks, the nakedness of Egypt.”

[47:3]  ² tn Heb “Your shame will be seen.” In this context “shame” is a euphemism referring to the genitals.

[47:3]  ³ tn Heb “I will not meet a man.” The verb פָּגַע (pagah) apparently carries the nuance “meet with kindness” here (cf. 64:5, and see BDB 803 s.v. Qal.2).

[13:22]  ⁴ tn Heb “say in your heart.”

[13:22]  ⁵ tn Heb “Your skirt has been uncovered and your heels have been treated with violence.” This is the generally accepted interpretation of these phrases. See, e.g., BDB 784 s.v. עָקֵב a and HALOT 329 s.v. I חָמַס Nif. The significance of the actions here are part of the metaphor (i.e., personification) of Jerusalem as an adulteress having left her husband and have been explained in the translation for the sake of readers unfamiliar with the metaphor.

[13:22]  sn The actions here were part of the treatment of an adulteress by her husband, intended to shame her. See Hos 2:3, 10 (2:5, 12 HT); Isa 47:4.

[13:22]  ⁶ tn The translation has been restructured to break up a long sentence involving a conditional clause and an elliptical consequential clause. It has also been restructured to define more clearly what “these things” are. The Hebrew text reads: “And if you say, ‘Why have these things happened to me?’ Because of the greatness of your iniquity your skirts [= what your skirt covers] have been uncovered and your heels have been treated with violence.”

[16:36]  ⁷ tn The Hebrew word occurs only here in the OT.

[16:37]  ⁸ sn Harlots suffered degradation when their nakedness was exposed (Jer 13:22, 26; Hos 2:12; Nah 3:5).

[23:25]  ⁹ tn Heb “give.”

[23:25]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “they will remove.”

[23:25]  sn This method of punishment is attested among ancient Egyptian and Hittite civilizations. See W. Zimmerli, Ezekiel (Hermeneia), 1:489.

[23:25]  ¹¹ tn Heb “fall.”

[23:27]  ¹² tn Heb “I will cause your obscene conduct to cease from you and your harlotry from the land of Egypt.”

[23:27]  ¹³ tn Heb “lift your eyes to them.”

[23:28]  ¹⁴ tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.

[23:28]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “I am giving you into the hand of.”

[23:29]  ¹⁶ tn The Hebrew term means “labor,” but by extension it can also refer to that for which one works.

[23:29]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “The nakedness of your prostitution will be exposed, and your obscene conduct and your harlotry.”

[1:11]  ¹⁸ tn The Hebrew participial form, which is feminine singular, is here used in a collective sense for the all the residents of the town. See GKC 394 §122.s.

[1:11]  ¹⁹ sn The place name Shaphir means “pleasant” in Hebrew.

[1:11]  ²⁰ tn The imperatival form is used rhetorically, emphasizing that the inhabitants of Shaphir will pass by into exile.

[1:11]  ²¹ tn Heb “have not come out”; NIV “will not come out”; NLT “dare not come outside.”

[1:11]  sn The expression can’t leave their city alludes to a siege of the town. The place name Zaanan sounds like the verb “come out” (i.e., “can’t leave”) in Hebrew.

[1:11]  ²² sn The place name Beth Ezel means “house of nearness” or “house of proximity” in Hebrew.

[1:11]  ²³ tn Heb “the lamentation of Beth Ezel.” The following words could be the lamentation offered up by Beth Ezel (subjective genitive) or the mourning song sung over it (objective genitive).

[1:11]  ²⁴ tc The form עֶמְדָּתוֹ (’emdato) should be emended to חֲמַדְּתוֹ (khamadto, “his (the conqueror’s) desire”).

[1:11]  tn The precise meaning of the line is uncertain. The translation assumes: (a) the subject of the third masculine singular verb יִקַּח (yiqqakh, “he/it takes”) is the conqueror, (b) the second masculine plural suffix (“you”) on the preposition מִן (min, “from”) refers to the residents of Shaphir and Zaanan, (c) the final form עֶמְדָּתוֹ should be emended to חֲמַדְּתוֹ, “his (the conqueror’s) desire.”

[3:5]  ²⁵ tn Traditionally, “the Lord of hosts.” See the note on the expression “the Lord who commands armies” in 2:13.

[3:5]  ²⁶ tn Heb “I will uncover your skirts over your face.”

[3:5]  sn Strip off your clothes. In the ancient Near East, the typical punishment for a prostitute was to strip her of her clothes publicly to expose her to open shame, embarrassment, and public ridicule. Because Nineveh had acted like a prostitute, the Lord would punish her as a prostitute.