Yesaya 25:10

25:10 For the Lord’s power will make this mountain secure. ¹ 

Moab will be trampled down where it stands, ² 

as a heap of straw is trampled down in ³  a manure pile.

Yesaya 34:5-6

34:5 He says, ⁴  “Indeed, my sword has slaughtered heavenly powers. ⁵ 

Look, it now descends on Edom, ⁶ 

on the people I will annihilate in judgment.”

34:6 The Lord’s sword is dripping with blood,

it is covered ⁷  with fat;

it drips ⁸  with the blood of young rams and goats

and is covered ⁹  with the fat of rams’ kidneys.

For the Lord is holding a sacrifice ¹⁰  in Bozrah, ¹¹ 

a bloody ¹²  slaughter in the land of Edom.

Yesaya 60:14

60:14 The children of your oppressors will come bowing to you;

all who treated you with disrespect will bow down at your feet.

They will call you, ‘The City of the Lord,

Zion of the Holy One of Israel.’ ¹³ 

Bilangan 24:17

24:17 ‘I see him, but not now;

I behold him, but not close at hand. ¹⁴ 

A star ¹⁵  will march forth ¹⁶  out of Jacob,

and a scepter ¹⁷  will rise out of Israel.

He will crush the skulls ¹⁸  of Moab,

and the heads ¹⁹  of all the sons of Sheth. ²⁰ 

Daniel 11:41

11:41 Then he will enter the beautiful land. ²¹  Many ²²  will fall, but these will escape: ²³  Edom, Moab, and the Ammonite leadership.

Yoel 3:19

3:19 Egypt will be desolate

and Edom will be a desolate wilderness,

because of the violence they did to the people of Judah, ²⁴ 

in whose land they shed innocent blood.

Amos 9:12

9:12 As a result they ²⁵  will conquer those left in Edom ²⁶ 

and all the nations subject to my rule.” ²⁷ 

The Lord, who is about to do this, is speaking!

Obaja 1:18

1:18 The descendants of Jacob will be a fire,

and the descendants of Joseph a flame.

The descendants of Esau will be like stubble.

They will burn them up and devour them.

There will not be a single survivor ²⁸  of the descendants of Esau!”

Indeed, the Lord has spoken it.

[25:10]  ¹ tn Heb “for the hand of the Lord will rest on this mountain”; TEV “will protect Mount Zion”; NCV “will protect (rest on NLT) Jerusalem.”

[25:10]  ² tn Heb “under him,” i.e., “in his place.”

[25:10]  ³ tc The marginal reading (Qere) is בְּמוֹ (bÿmo, “in”). The consonantal text (Kethib) has בְּמִי (bÿmi, “in the water of”).

[34:5]  ⁴ tn The words “he says” are supplied in the translation for clarification. The Lord speaks at this point.

[34:5]  ⁵ tn Heb “indeed [or “for”] my sword is drenched in the heavens.” The Qumran scroll 1QIsa^a has תראה (“[my sword] appeared [in the heavens]”), but this is apparently an attempt to make sense out of a difficult metaphor. Cf. NIV “My sword has drunk its fill in the heavens.”

[34:5]  sn In v. 4 the “host of the heaven” refers to the heavenly luminaries (stars and planets, see, among others, Deut 4:19; 17:3; 2 Kgs 17:16; 21:3, 5; 23:4-5; 2 Chr 33:3, 5) that populate the divine/heavenly assembly in mythological and prescientific Israelite thought (see Job 38:7; Isa 14:13). As in 24:21, they are viewed here as opposing God and being defeated in battle.

[34:5]  ⁶ sn Edom is mentioned here as epitomizing the hostile nations that oppose God.

[34:6]  ⁷ tn The verb is a rare Hotpaal passive form. See GKC 150 §54.h.

[34:6]  ⁸ tn The words “it drips” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[34:6]  ⁹ tn The words “and is covered” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[34:6]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “for there is a sacrifice to the Lord.”

[34:6]  ¹¹ sn The Lord’s judgment of Edom is compared to a bloody sacrificial scene.

[34:6]  ¹² tn Heb “great” (so KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV).

[60:14]  ¹³ sn See the note on the phrase “the Holy One of Israel” in 1:4.

[24:17]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “near.”

[24:17]  ¹⁵ sn This is a figure for a king (see also Isa 14:12) not only in the Bible but in the ancient Near Eastern literature as a whole. The immediate reference of the prophecy seems to be to David, but the eschatological theme goes beyond him. There is to be a connection made between this passage and the sighting of a star in its ascendancy by the magi, who then traveled to Bethlehem to see the one born King of the Jews (Matt 2:2). The expression “son of a star” (Aram Bar Kochba) became a title for a later claimant to kingship, but he was doomed by the Romans in a.d. 135.

[24:17]  ¹⁶ tn The verb is the perfect tense with vav (ו) consecutive; it is equal to the imperfect expressing the future. The verb דָּרַךְ (darakh), related to the noun “way, road,” seems to mean something like tread on, walk, march.”

[24:17]  ¹⁷ sn The “scepter” is metonymical for a king who will rise to power. NEB strangely rendered this as “comet” to make a parallel with “star.”

[24:17]  ¹⁸ tn The word is literally “corners,” but may refer to the corners of the head, and so “skull.”

[24:17]  ¹⁹ tc The MT reads “shatter, devastate.” Smr reads קֹדְקֹד (qodqod, “head; crown; pate”). Smr follows Jer 48:45 which appears to reflect Num 24:17.

[24:17]  ²⁰ sn The prophecy begins to be fulfilled when David defeated Moab and Edom and established an empire including them. But the Messianic promise extends far beyond that to the end of the age and the inclusion of these defeated people in the program of the coming King.

[11:41]  ²¹ sn The beautiful land is a cryptic reference to the land of Israel.

[11:41]  ²² tn This can be understood as “many people” (cf. NRSV) or “many countries” (cf. NASB, NIV, NLT).

[11:41]  ²³ tn Heb “be delivered from his hand.”

[3:19]  ²⁴ tn Heb “violence of the sons of Judah.” The phrase “of the sons of Judah” is an objective genitive (cf. KJV “the violence against the children of Judah”; NAB, NIV, NRSV “violence done to the people of Judah”). It refers to injustices committed against the Judeans, not violence that the Judeans themselves had committed against others.

[9:12]  ²⁵ sn They probably refers to the Israelites or to the Davidic rulers of the future.

[9:12]  ²⁶ tn Heb “take possession of the remnant of Edom”; NASB, NIV, NRSV “possess the remnant of Edom.”

[9:12]  ²⁷ tn Heb “nations over whom my name is proclaimed.” The Hebrew idiom indicates ownership, sometimes as a result of conquest. See 2 Sam 12:28.

[9:12]  sn This verse envisions a new era of Israelite rule, perhaps patterned after David’s imperialistic successes (see 2 Sam 8-10). At the same time, however, the verse does not specify how this rule is to be accomplished. Note that the book ends with a description of peace and abundance, and its final reference to God (v. 15) does not include the epithet “the Lord who commands armies,” which has militaristic overtones. This is quite a different scene than what the book began with: nations at war and standing under the judgment of God.

[1:18]  ²⁸ tn Heb “will be no survivor”; NAB “none shall survive.”