Yesaya 34:9-10

34:9 Edom’s ¹  streams will be turned into pitch

and her soil into brimstone;

her land will become burning pitch.

34:10 Night and day it will burn; ² 

its smoke will ascend continually.

Generation after generation it will be a wasteland

and no one will ever pass through it again.

Yesaya 66:24

66:24 “They will go out and observe the corpses of those who rebelled against me, for the maggots that eat them will not die, ³  and the fire that consumes them will not die out. ⁴  All people will find the sight abhorrent.” ⁵ 

Yehezkiel 20:47-48

20:47 and say to the scrub land of the Negev, ‘Hear the word of the Lord: This is what the sovereign Lord says: Look here, ⁶  I am about to start a fire in you, ⁷  and it will devour every green tree and every dry tree in you. The flaming fire will not be extinguished, and the whole surface of the ground from the Negev to the north will be scorched by it. 20:48 And everyone ⁸  will see that I, the Lord, have burned it; it will not be extinguished.’”

Maleakhi 4:1

4:1 (3:19) ⁹  “For indeed the day ¹⁰  is coming, burning like a furnace, and all the arrogant evildoers will be chaff. The coming day will burn them up,” says the Lord who rules over all. “It ¹¹  will not leave even a root or branch.

Matius 3:10

3:10 Even now the ax is laid at ¹²  the root of the trees, and every tree that does not produce good fruit will be cut down and thrown into the fire.

Markus 9:43-49

9:43 If your hand causes you to sin, cut it off! It is better for you to enter into life crippled than to have ¹³  two hands and go into hell, ¹⁴  to the unquenchable fire. 9:44 [[EMPTY]] ¹⁵  9:45 If your foot causes you to sin, cut it off! It is better to enter life lame than to have ¹⁶  two feet and be thrown into hell. 9:46 [[EMPTY]] ¹⁷  9:47 If your eye causes you to sin, tear it out! ¹⁸  It is better to enter into the kingdom of God with one eye than to have ¹⁹  two eyes and be thrown into hell, 9:48 where their worm never dies and the fire is never quenched. 9:49 Everyone will be salted with fire. ²⁰ 

Wahyu 14:10-11

14:10 that person ²¹  will also drink of the wine of God’s anger ²²  that has been mixed undiluted in the cup of his wrath, and he will be tortured with fire and sulfur ²³  in front of the holy angels and in front of the Lamb. 14:11 And the smoke from their ²⁴  torture will go up ²⁵  forever and ever, and those who worship the beast and his image will have ²⁶  no rest day or night, along with ²⁷  anyone who receives the mark of his name.”

Wahyu 19:20

19:20 Now ²⁸  the beast was seized, and along with him the false prophet who had performed the signs on his behalf ²⁹  – signs by which he deceived those who had received the mark of the beast and those who worshiped his image. Both of them were thrown alive into the lake of fire burning with sulfur. ³⁰ 

Wahyu 20:10

20:10 And the devil who deceived ³¹  them was thrown into the lake of fire and sulfur, ³²  where the beast and the false prophet are ³³  too, and they will be tormented there day and night forever and ever.

[34:9]  ¹ tn Heb “her”; the referent (Edom) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[34:10]  ² tn Heb “it will not be extinguished.”

[66:24]  ³ tn Heb “for their worm will not die.”

[66:24]  ⁴ tn Heb “and their fire will not be extinguished.”

[66:24]  ⁵ tn Heb “and they will be an abhorrence to all flesh.”

[66:24]  sn This verse depicts a huge mass burial site where the seemingly endless pile of maggot-infested corpses are being burned.

[20:47]  ⁶ tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.

[20:47]  ⁷ tn Fire also appears as a form of judgment in Ezek 15:4-7; 19:12, 14.

[20:48]  ⁸ tn Heb “all flesh.”

[4:1]  ⁹ sn Beginning with 4:1, the verse numbers through 4:6 in the English Bible differ from the verse numbers in the Hebrew text (BHS), with 4:1 ET = 3:19 HT, 4:2 ET = 3:20 HT, etc., through 4:6 ET = 3:24 HT. Thus the book of Malachi in the Hebrew Bible has only three chapters, with 24 verses in ch. 3.

[4:1]  ¹⁰ sn This day is the well-known “day of the Lord” so pervasive in OT eschatological texts (see Joel 2:30-31; Amos 5:18; Obad 15). For the believer it is a day of grace and salvation; for the sinner, a day of judgment and destruction.

[4:1]  ¹¹ tn Heb “so that it” (so NASB, NRSV). For stylistic reasons a new sentence was begun here in the translation.

[3:10]  ¹² sn Laid at the root. That is, placed and aimed, ready to begin cutting.

[9:43]  ¹³ tn Grk “than having.”

[9:43]  ¹⁴ sn The word translated hell is “Gehenna” (γέεννα, geenna), a Greek transliteration of the Hebrew words ge hinnom (“Valley of Hinnom”). This was the valley along the south side of Jerusalem. In OT times it was used for human sacrifices to the pagan god Molech (cf. Jer 7:31; 19:5-6; 32:35), and it came to be used as a place where human excrement and rubbish were disposed of and burned. In the intertestamental period, it came to be used symbolically as the place of divine punishment (cf. 1 En. 27:2, 90:26; 4 Ezra 7:36). This Greek term also occurs in vv. 45, 47.

[9:44]  ¹⁵ tc Most later mss have 9:44 here and 9:46 after v. 45: “where their worm never dies and the fire is never quenched” (identical with v. 48). Verses 44 and 46 are present in A D Θ Ë¹³ Ï lat sy^p,h, but lacking in important Alexandrian mss and several others (א B C L W Δ Ψ 0274 ˹ 28 565 892 2427 pc co). This appears to be a scribal addition from v. 48 and is almost certainly not an original part of the Greek text of Mark. The present translation follows NA²⁷ in omitting the verse number, a procedure also followed by a number of other modern translations.

[9:45]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “than having.”

[9:46]  ¹⁷ tc See tc note at the end of v. 43.

[9:47]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “throw it out.”

[9:47]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “than having.”

[9:49]  ²⁰ tc The earliest mss ([א] B L [W] Δ 0274 Ë^1,13 28* 565 700 pc sy^s sa) have the reading adopted by the translation. Codex Bezae (D) and several Itala read “Every sacrifice will be salted with salt.” The majority of other mss (A C Θ Ψ [2427] Ï lat sy^p,h) have both readings, “Everyone will be salted with fire, and every sacrifice will be salted with salt.” An early scribe may have written the LXX text of Lev 2:13 (“Every sacrifice offering of yours shall be salted with salt”) in the margin of his ms. At a later stage, copyists would either replace the text with this marginal note or add the note to the text. The longer reading thus seems to be the result of the conflation of the Alexandrian reading “salted with fire” and the Western reading “salted with salt.” The reading adopted by the text enjoys the best support and explains the other readings in the ms tradition.

[9:49]  sn The statement everyone will be salted with fire is difficult to interpret. It may be a reference to (1) unbelievers who enter hell as punishment for rejection of Jesus, indicating that just as salt preserves so they will be preserved in their punishment in hell forever; (2) Christians who experience suffering in this world because of their attachment to Christ; (3) any person who experiences suffering in a way appropriate to their relationship to Jesus. For believers this means the suffering of purification, and for unbelievers it means hell, i.e., eternal torment.

[14:10]  ²¹ tn Grk “he himself.”

[14:10]  ²² tn The Greek word for “anger” here is θυμός (qumos), a wordplay on the “passion” (θυμός) of the personified city of Babylon in 14:8.

[14:10]  ²³ tn Traditionally, “brimstone.”

[14:11]  ²⁴ tn The Greek pronoun is plural here even though the verbs in the previous verse are singular.

[14:11]  ²⁵ tn The present tense ἀναβαίνει (anabainei) has been translated as a futuristic present (ExSyn 535-36). This is also consistent with the future passive βασανισθήσεται (basanisqhsetai) in v. 10.

[14:11]  ²⁶ tn The present tense ἔχουσιν (ecousin) has been translated as a futuristic present to keep the English tense consistent with the previous verb (see note on “will go up” earlier in this verse).

[14:11]  ²⁷ tn Grk “and.”

[19:20]  ²⁸ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the introduction of an unexpected development in the account: The opposing armies do not come together in battle; rather the leader of one side is captured.

[19:20]  ²⁹ tn For this meaning see BDAG 342 s.v. ἐνώπιον 4.b, “by the authority of, on behalf of Rv 13:12, 14; 19:20.”

[19:20]  ³⁰ tn Traditionally, “brimstone.”

[20:10]  ³¹ tn Or “misled.”

[20:10]  ³² tn Traditionally, “brimstone.”

[20:10]  ³³ tn The verb in this clause is elided. In keeping with the previous past tenses some translations supply a past tense verb here (“were”), but in view of the future tense that follows (“they will be tormented”), a present tense verb was used to provide a transition from the previous past tense to the future tense that follows.