Yeremia 34:8

The Lord Threatens to Destroy Those Who Wronged Their Slaves

34:8 The Lord spoke to Jeremiah after King Zedekiah had made a covenant ¹  with all the people in Jerusalem ²  to grant their slaves their freedom.

Yeremia 34:2

34:2 The Lord God of Israel told Jeremiah ³  to go and give King Zedekiah of Judah a message. He told Jeremiah ⁴  to tell him, “The Lord says, ‘I am going to ⁵  hand this city over to the king of Babylon and he will burn it down.

Kisah Para Rasul 23:3

23:3 Then Paul said to him, “God is going to strike you, you whitewashed wall! ⁶  Do ⁷  you sit there judging me according to the law, ⁸  and in violation of the law ⁹  you order me to be struck?”

Nehemia 10:29

10:29 hereby participate with their colleagues the town leaders ¹⁰  and enter into a curse and an oath ¹¹  to adhere to ¹²  the law of God which was given through Moses the servant of God, and to obey ¹³  carefully all the commandments of the LORD our Lord, ¹⁴  along with his ordinances and his statutes.

Mazmur 76:11

76:11 Make vows to the Lord your God and repay them!

Let all those who surround him ¹⁵  bring tribute to the awesome one!

Mazmur 119:106

119:106 I have vowed and solemnly sworn

to keep your just regulations.

[34:8]  ¹ tn Usually translated “covenant.” See the study note on 11:2 for the rationale for the translation here.

[34:8]  sn There are no details regarding the nature of this covenant, but it was probably a parity covenant in which the people agreed to free their slaves in exchange for some concessions from the king (see the study note on 11:2 for more details on the nature of ancient Near Eastern covenants). More details about this covenant are given in vv. 15, 18-19 where it is said to have been made before the Lord in the temple and involved passing between the pieces of a cut-up calf. Hence it involved their swearing an oath invoking the Lord’s name (cf. Gen 21:23; 31:51-53; 1 Sam 20:42) and pronouncing self-maledictory curses on themselves calling down on themselves a fate similar to that of the dead calf if they failed to keep it. (This latter practice is illustrated in treaty documents from the ancient Near East and is reflected in the covenant ceremony in Gen 15:8-16.)

[34:8]  ² map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[34:2]  ³ tn Heb “told him”; the referent (Jeremiah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[34:2]  ⁴ tn Heb “told him”; the referent (Jeremiah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[34:2]  ⁵ tn Heb 34:1 “The word which came to Jeremiah from the Lord…saying, ‘Thus says the Lord God of Israel, “Go and speak to Zedekiah king of Judah and say to him, ‘Thus says the Lord, “I am going to….”’”’” The translation has tried to avoid some of the confusion that is created by embedding quotations within quotations by using indirect quotation in some instances; the conceptualization is the same but the style is simpler.

[23:3]  ⁶ sn You whitewashed wall. This was an idiom for hypocrisy – just as the wall was painted on the outside but something different on the inside, so this person was not what he appeared or pretended to be (L&N 88.234; see also BDAG 1010 s.v. τοῖχος). Paul was claiming that the man’s response was two-faced (Ezek 13:10-16; Matt 23:27-28). See also Deut 28:22.

[23:3]  ⁷ tn Grk “And do.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.

[23:3]  ⁸ tn The law refers to the law of Moses.

[23:3]  ⁹ tn BDAG 769 s.v. παρανομέω has “παρανομῶν κελεύεις in violation of the law you order Ac 23:3.”

[23:3]  sn In violation of the law. Paul was claiming that punishment was given before the examination was complete (m. Sanhedrin 3:6-8). Luke’s noting of this detail shows how quickly the leadership moved to react against Paul.

[10:29]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “the nobles.”

[10:29]  ¹¹ tn The expression “a curse and an oath” may be a hendiadys, meaning “an oath with penalties.”

[10:29]  ¹² tn Heb “to walk in.”

[10:29]  ¹³ tn Heb “keep.” See the note on the word “obey” in Neh 1:5.

[10:29]  ¹⁴ tn The Hebrew term translated “Lord” here is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).

[76:11]  ¹⁵ tn The phrase “all those who surround him” may refer to the surrounding nations (v. 12 may favor this), but in Ps 89:7 the phrase refers to God’s heavenly assembly.