Yohanes 19:13

19:13 When Pilate heard these words he brought Jesus outside and sat down on the judgment seat ¹  in the place called “The Stone Pavement” ²  (Gabbatha in ³  Aramaic). ⁴ 

Matius 26:47-50

Betrayal and Arrest

26:47 While he was still speaking, Judas, ⁵  one of the twelve, arrived. With him was a large crowd armed with swords and clubs, sent by the chief priests and elders of the people. 26:48 (Now the betrayer ⁶  had given them a sign, saying, “The one I kiss is the man. ⁷  Arrest him!”) ⁸  26:49 Immediately ⁹  he went up to Jesus and said, “Greetings, Rabbi,” and kissed him. ¹⁰  26:50 Jesus ¹¹  said to him, “Friend, do what you are here to do.” Then they came and took hold ¹²  of Jesus and arrested him.

Markus 14:44-45

14:44 (Now the betrayer ¹³  had given them a sign, saying, “The one I kiss is the man. Arrest him and lead him away under guard.”) ¹⁴  14:45 When Judas ¹⁵  arrived, he went up to Jesus ¹⁶  immediately and said, “Rabbi!” and kissed ¹⁷  him.

Lukas 22:21

A Final Discourse

22:21 “But look, the hand of the one who betrays ¹⁸  me is with me on the table. ¹⁹ 

Lukas 22:47-48

Betrayal and Arrest

22:47 While he was still speaking, suddenly a crowd appeared, ²⁰  and the man named Judas, one of the twelve, was leading them. He walked up ²¹  to Jesus to kiss him. ²²  22:48 But Jesus said to him, “Judas, would you betray the Son of Man with a kiss?” ²³ 

[19:13]  ¹ tn Or “the judge’s seat.”

[19:13]  sn The judgment seat (βῆμα, bhma) was a raised platform mounted by steps and usually furnished with a seat. It was used by officials in addressing an assembly or making official pronouncements, often of a judicial nature.

[19:13]  ² sn The precise location of the place called ‘The Stone Pavement’ is still uncertain, although a paved court on the lower level of the Fortress Antonia has been suggested. It is not certain whether it was laid prior to a.d. 135, however.

[19:13]  ³ tn Grk “in Hebrew.”

[19:13]  sn The author does not say that Gabbatha is the Aramaic (or Hebrew) translation for the Greek term Λιθόστρωτον (Liqostrwton). He simply points out that in Aramaic (or Hebrew) the place had another name. A number of meanings have been suggested, but the most likely appears to mean “elevated place.” It is possible that this was a term used by the common people for the judgment seat itself, which always stood on a raised platform.

[19:13]  ⁴ sn This is a parenthetical note by the author.

[26:47]  ⁵ tn Grk “behold, Judas.” The Greek word ἰδού (idou) has not been translated because it has no exact English equivalent here, but adds interest and emphasis (BDAG 468 s.v. 1).

[26:48]  ⁶ tn Grk “the one who betrays him.”

[26:48]  ⁷ tn Grk “The one I kiss is he.”

[26:48]  ⁸ sn This remark is parenthetical within the narrative and has thus been placed in parentheses.

[26:49]  ⁹ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.

[26:49]  ¹⁰ sn Judas’ act of betrayal when he kissed Jesus is especially sinister when it is realized that it was common in the culture of the times for a disciple to kiss his master when greeting him.

[26:50]  ¹¹ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[26:50]  ¹² tn Grk “and put their hands on Jesus.”

[14:44]  ¹³ tn Grk “the one who betrays him.”

[14:44]  ¹⁴ sn This remark is parenthetical within the narrative and has thus been placed in parentheses.

[14:45]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Judas) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[14:45]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[14:45]  ¹⁷ sn Judas’ act of betrayal when he kissed Jesus is especially sinister when it is realized that it was common in the culture of the times for a disciple to kiss his master when greeting him.

[22:21]  ¹⁸ sn The one who betrays me. Jesus knows about Judas and what he has done.

[22:21]  ¹⁹ sn The point of Jesus’ comment here is not to identify the specific individual per se, but to indicate that it is one who was close to him – somebody whom no one would suspect. His comment serves to heighten the treachery of Judas’ betrayal.

[22:47]  ²⁰ tn Grk “While he was still speaking, behold, a crowd, and the one called Judas…was leading them.” The abrupt appearance of the crowd on the scene is indicated in the translation by “suddenly” and “appeared.”

[22:47]  ²¹ tn Grk “drew near.”

[22:47]  ²² tc Many mss (D Θ Ë¹³ 700 pm as well as several versional mss) add here, “for this is the sign he gave to them: Whoever I kiss is [the one].” This addition is almost certainly not original, since most of the important mss lack it. It may be a copyist’s attempt to clarify the text, or the accidental inclusion of a marginal gloss.

[22:48]  ²³ sn Jesus’ comment about betraying the Son of Man with a kiss shows the hypocrisy and blindness of an attempt to cover up sin. On “misused kisses” in the Bible, see Gen 27:26-27; 2 Sam 15:5; Prov 7:13; 27:6; and 2 Sam 20:9.