Kejadian 10:18-19

10:18 Arvadites, ¹  Zemarites, ²  and Hamathites. ³  Eventually the families of the Canaanites were scattered 10:19 and the borders of Canaan extended ⁴  from Sidon ⁵  all the way to ⁶  Gerar as far as Gaza, and all the way to ⁷  Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboiim, as far as Lasha.

Kejadian 10:21

10:21 And sons were also born ⁸  to Shem (the older brother of Japheth), ⁹  the father of all the sons of Eber.

Kejadian 10:24-30

10:24 Arphaxad was the father of ¹⁰  Shelah, ¹¹  and Shelah was the father of Eber. ¹²  10:25 Two sons were born to Eber: One was named Peleg because in his days the earth was divided, ¹³  and his brother’s name was Joktan. 10:26 Joktan was the father of ¹⁴  Almodad, ¹⁵  Sheleph, ¹⁶  Hazarmaveth, ¹⁷  Jerah, ¹⁸  10:27 Hadoram, Uzal, ¹⁹  Diklah, ²⁰  10:28 Obal, ²¹  Abimael, ²²  Sheba, ²³  10:29 Ophir, ²⁴  Havilah, ²⁵  and Jobab. All these were sons of Joktan. 10:30 Their dwelling place was from Mesha all the way to ²⁶  Sephar in the eastern hills.

[10:18]  ¹ sn The Arvadites lived in the city Arvad, located on an island near the mainland close to the river El Kebir.

[10:18]  ² sn The Zemarites lived in the town Sumur, north of Arka.

[10:18]  ³ sn The Hamathites lived in Hamath on the Orontes River.

[10:19]  ⁴ tn Heb “were.”

[10:19]  ⁵ map For location see Map1 A1; JP3 F3; JP4 F3.

[10:19]  ⁶ tn Heb “as you go.”

[10:19]  ⁷ tn Heb “as you go.”

[10:21]  ⁸ tn Heb “And to Shem was born.”

[10:21]  ⁹ tn Or “whose older brother was Japheth.” Some translations render Japheth as the older brother, understanding the adjective הַגָּדוֹל (haggadol, “older”) as modifying Japheth. However, in Hebrew when a masculine singular definite attributive adjective follows the sequence masculine singular construct noun + proper name, the adjective invariably modifies the noun in construct, not the proper name. Such is the case here. See Deut 11:7; Judg 1:13; 2:7; 3:9; 9:5; 2 Kgs 15:35; 2 Chr 27:3; Neh 3:30; Jer 13:9; 36:10; Ezek 10:19; 11:1.

[10:24]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “fathered.”

[10:24]  ¹¹ tc The MT reads “Arphaxad fathered Shelah”; the LXX reads “Arphaxad fathered Cainan, and Cainan fathered Sala [= Shelah].” The LXX reading also appears to lie behind Luke 3:35-36.

[10:24]  ¹² sn Genesis 11 traces the line of Shem through Eber (עֵבֶר, ’ever ) to Abraham the “Hebrew” (עִבְרִי, ’ivri).

[10:25]  ¹³ tn The expression “the earth was divided” may refer to dividing the land with canals, but more likely it anticipates the division of languages at Babel (Gen 11). The verb פָּלָג (palag, “separate, divide”) is used in Ps 55:9 for a division of languages.

[10:26]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “fathered.”

[10:26]  ¹⁵ sn The name Almodad combines the Arabic article al with modad (“friend”). Almodad was the ancestor of a South Arabian people.

[10:26]  ¹⁶ sn The name Sheleph may be related to Shilph, a district of Yemen; Shalph is a Yemenite tribe.

[10:26]  ¹⁷ sn The name Hazarmaveth should be equated with Hadramawt, located in Southern Arabia.

[10:26]  ¹⁸ sn The name Jerah means “moon.”

[10:27]  ¹⁹ sn Uzal was the name of the old capital of Yemen.

[10:27]  ²⁰ sn The name Diklah means “date-palm.”

[10:28]  ²¹ sn Obal was a name used for several localities in Yemen.

[10:28]  ²² sn The name Abimael is a genuine Sabean form which means “my father, truly, he is God.”

[10:28]  ²³ sn The descendants of Sheba lived in South Arabia, where the Joktanites were more powerful than the Hamites.

[10:29]  ²⁴ sn Ophir became the name of a territory in South Arabia. Many of the references to Ophir are connected with gold (e.g., 1 Kgs 9:28, 10:11, 22:48; 1 Chr 29:4; 2 Chr 8:18, 9:10; Job 22:24, 28:16; Ps 45:9; Isa 13:12).

[10:29]  ²⁵ sn Havilah is listed with Ham in v. 7.

[10:30]  ²⁶ tn Heb “as you go.”