Kejadian 10:2

10:2 The sons of Japheth ¹  were Gomer, ²  Magog, ³  Madai, ⁴  Javan, ⁵  Tubal, ⁶  Meshech, ⁷  and Tiras. ⁸ 

Yesaya 66:19

66:19 I will perform a mighty act among them ⁹  and then send some of those who remain to the nations – to Tarshish, Pul, ¹⁰  Lud ¹¹  (known for its archers ¹² ), Tubal, Javan, ¹³  and to the distant coastlands ¹⁴  that have not heard about me or seen my splendor. They will tell the nations of my splendor.

Yehezkiel 32:26

32:26 “Meshech-Tubal is there, along with all her hordes around her grave. ¹⁵  All of them are uncircumcised, killed by the sword, for they spread their terror in the land of the living.

[10:2]  ¹ sn The Greek form of the name Japheth, Iapetos, is used in Greek tradition for the ancestor of the Greeks.

[10:2]  ² sn Gomer was the ancestor of the Cimmerians. For a discussion of the Cimmerians see E. M. Yamauchi, Foes from the Northern Frontier (SBA), 49-61.

[10:2]  ³ sn For a discussion of various proposals concerning the descendants of Magog see E. M. Yamauchi, Foes from the Northern Frontier (SBA), 22-24.

[10:2]  ⁴ sn Madai was the ancestor of the Medes, who lived east of Assyria.

[10:2]  ⁵ sn Javan was the father of the Hellenic race, the Ionians who lived in western Asia Minor.

[10:2]  ⁶ sn Tubal was the ancestor of militaristic tribes that lived north of the Black Sea. For a discussion of ancient references to Tubal see E. M. Yamauchi, Foes from the Northern Frontier (SBA), 24-26.

[10:2]  ⁷ sn Meshech was the ancestor of the people known in Assyrian records as the Musku. For a discussion of ancient references to them see E. M. Yamauchi, Foes from the Northern Frontier (SBA), 24-26.

[10:2]  ⁸ sn Tiras was the ancestor of the Thracians, some of whom possibly became the Pelasgian pirates of the Aegean.

[66:19]  ⁹ tn Heb “and I will set a sign among them.” The precise meaning of this statement is unclear. Elsewhere “to set a sign” means “perform a mighty act” (Ps 78:43; Jer 32:20), “make [someone] an object lesson” (Ezek 14:8), and “erect a [literal] standard” (Ps 74:4).

[66:19]  ¹⁰ tn Some prefer to read “Put” (i.e., Libya).

[66:19]  ¹¹ sn That is, Lydia (in Asia Minor).

[66:19]  ¹² tn Heb “drawers of the bow” (KJV and ASV both similar).

[66:19]  ¹³ sn Javan is generally identified today as Greece (so NIV, NCV, NLT).

[66:19]  ¹⁴ tn Or “islands” (NIV).

[32:26]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “around him her graves,” but the expression is best emended to read “around her grave” (see vv. 23-24).