Kejadian 10:3-4

10:3 The sons of Gomer were ¹  Askenaz, ²  Riphath, ³  and Togarmah. ⁴  10:4 The sons of Javan were Elishah, ⁵  Tarshish, ⁶  the Kittim, ⁷  and the Dodanim. ⁸ 

Kejadian 10:23

10:23 The sons of Aram were Uz, Hul, Gether, and Mash. ⁹ 

Kejadian 23:7

23:7 Abraham got up and bowed down to the local people, ¹⁰  the sons of Heth.

Kejadian 23:12

23:12 Abraham bowed before the local people

Kejadian 29:22

29:22 So Laban invited all the people ¹¹  of that place and prepared a feast.

[10:3]  ¹ sn The descendants of Gomer were all northern tribes of the Upper Euphrates.

[10:3]  ² sn Askenaz was the ancestor of a northern branch of Indo-Germanic tribes, possibly Scythians. For discussion see E. M. Yamauchi, Foes from the Northern Frontier (SBA), 63.

[10:3]  ³ sn The descendants of Riphath lived in a district north of the road from Haran to Carchemish.

[10:3]  ⁴ sn Togarmah is also mentioned in Ezek 38:6, where it refers to Til-garimmu, the capital of Kammanu, which bordered Tabal in eastern Turkey. See E. M. Yamauchi, Foes from the Northern Frontier (SBA), 26, n. 28.

[10:4]  ⁵ sn The descendants of Elishah populated Cyprus.

[10:4]  ⁶ sn The descendants of Tarshish settled along the southern coast of what is modern Turkey. However, some identify the site Tarshish (see Jonah 1:3) with Sardinia or Spain.

[10:4]  ⁷ sn The name Kittim is associated with Cyprus, as well as coastlands east of Rhodes. It is used in later texts to refer to the Romans.

[10:4]  ⁸ tc Most of the MT mss read “Dodanim” here, but 1 Chr 1:7 has “Rodanim,” perhaps referring to the island of Rhodes. But the Qere reading in 1 Chr 1:7 suggests “Dodanim.” Dodona is one of the most ancient and revered spots in ancient Greece.

[10:23]  ⁹ tc The MT reads “Mash”; the LXX and 1 Chr 1:17 read “Meshech.”

[10:23]  sn Uz, Hul, Gether, and Mash. Little is known about these descendants of Aram.

[23:7]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “to the people of the land” (also in v. 12).

[29:22]  ¹¹ tn Heb “men.”