Kejadian 9:25

9:25 So he said,

“Cursed ¹  be Canaan! ² 

The lowest of slaves ³ 

he will be to his brothers.”

Kejadian 48:14

48:14 Israel stretched out his right hand and placed it on Ephraim’s head, although he was the younger. ⁴  Crossing his hands, he put his left hand on Manasseh’s head, for Manasseh was the firstborn.

Kejadian 48:19

48:19 But his father refused and said, “I know, my son, I know. He too will become a nation and he too will become great. In spite of this, his younger brother will be even greater and his descendants will become a multitude ⁵  of nations.”

Roma 9:11-12

9:11 even before they were born or had done anything good or bad (so that God’s purpose in election ⁶  would stand, not by works but by ⁷  his calling) ⁸  – 9:12 ⁹  it was said to her, “The older will serve the younger,” ¹⁰ 

[9:25]  ¹ sn For more on the curse, see H. C. Brichto, The Problem of “Curse” in the Hebrew Bible (JBLMS), and J. Scharbert, TDOT 1:405-18.

[9:25]  ² sn Cursed be Canaan. The curse is pronounced on Canaan, not Ham. Noah sees a problem in Ham’s character, and on the basis of that he delivers a prophecy about the future descendants who will live in slavery to such things and then be controlled by others. (For more on the idea of slavery in general, see E. M. Yamauchi, “Slaves of God,” BETS 9 [1966]: 31-49). In a similar way Jacob pronounced oracles about his sons based on their revealed character (see Gen 49).

[9:25]  ³ tn Heb “a servant of servants” (עֶבֶד עֲבָדִים, ’eved ’avadim), an example of the superlative genitive. It means Canaan will become the most abject of slaves.

[48:14]  ⁴ tn The disjunctive clause is circumstantial-concessive here.

[48:19]  ⁵ tn Heb “fullness.”

[9:11]  ⁶ tn Grk “God’s purpose according to election.”

[9:11]  ⁷ tn Or “not based on works but based on…”

[9:11]  ⁸ tn Grk “by the one who calls.”

[9:11]  sn The entire clause is something of a parenthetical remark.

[9:12]  ⁹ sn Many translations place this verse division before the phrase “not by works but by his calling” (NA²⁷/UBS⁴, NIV, NRSV, NLT, NAB). Other translations place this verse division in the same place that the translation above does (NASB, KJV, NKJV, ASV, RSV). The translation has followed the latter to avoid breaking the parenthetical statement.

[9:12]  ¹⁰ sn A quotation from Gen 25:23.