Keluaran 1:14

1:14 They made their lives bitter ¹  by ²  hard service with mortar and bricks and by all kinds of service ³  in the fields. Every kind of service the Israelites were required to give was rigorous. ⁴ 

Keluaran 5:7

5:7 “You must no longer ⁵  give straw to the people for making bricks ⁶  as before. ⁷  Let them go ⁸  and collect straw for themselves.

Keluaran 6:25

6:25 Now Eleazar son of Aaron married one of the daughters of Putiel and she bore him Phinehas.

These are the heads of the fathers’ households ⁹  of Levi according to their clans.

Keluaran 9:11

9:11 The magicians could not stand before Moses because of the boils, for boils were on the magicians and on all the Egyptians.

Keluaran 11:3

11:3 (Now the Lord granted the people favor with ¹⁰  the Egyptians. Moreover, the man Moses was very great in the land of Egypt, respected by Pharaoh’s servants and by the Egyptian people.) ¹¹ 

Keluaran 12:18

12:18 In the first month, ¹²  from the fourteenth day of the month, in the evening, you will eat bread made without yeast until the twenty-first day of the month in the evening.

Keluaran 14:10

14:10 When ¹³  Pharaoh got closer, ¹⁴  the Israelites looked up, ¹⁵  and there were the Egyptians marching after them, ¹⁶  and they were terrified. ¹⁷  The Israelites cried out to the Lord, ¹⁸ 

Keluaran 16:16

16:16 “This is what ¹⁹  the Lord has commanded: ²⁰  ‘Each person is to gather ²¹  from it what he can eat, an omer ²²  per person ²³  according to the number ²⁴  of your people; ²⁵  each one will pick it up ²⁶  for whoever lives ²⁷  in his tent.’”

Keluaran 16:20

16:20 But they did not listen to Moses; some ²⁸  kept part of it until morning, and it was full ²⁹  of worms and began to stink, and Moses was angry with them.

Keluaran 17:7

17:7 He called the name of the place Massah and Meribah, because of the contending of the Israelites and because of their testing the Lord, ³⁰  saying, “Is the Lord among us or not?”

Keluaran 24:8

24:8 So Moses took the blood and splashed it on ³¹  the people and said, “This is the blood of the covenant ³²  that the Lord has made with you in accordance with all these words.”

Keluaran 26:19

26:19 and you are to make forty silver bases to go under the twenty frames – two bases under the first frame for its two projections, and likewise ³³  two bases under the next frame for its two projections;

Keluaran 28:21

28:21 The stones are to be for the names of the sons of Israel, twelve, according to the number of ³⁴  their names. Each name according to the twelve tribes is to be like ³⁵  the engravings of a seal.

Keluaran 28:38

28:38 It will be on Aaron’s forehead, and Aaron will bear the iniquity of the holy things, ³⁶  which the Israelites are to sanctify by all their holy gifts; ³⁷  it will always be on his forehead, for their acceptance ³⁸  before the Lord.

Keluaran 29:30

29:30 The priest who succeeds him ³⁹  from his sons, when he first comes ⁴⁰  to the tent of meeting to minister in the Holy Place, is to wear them for seven days. ⁴¹ 

Keluaran 29:33

29:33 They are to eat those things by which atonement was made ⁴²  to consecrate and to set them apart, but no one else ⁴³  may eat them, for they are holy.

Keluaran 32:25

32:25 Moses saw that the people were running wild, ⁴⁴  for Aaron had let them get completely out of control, causing derision from their enemies. ⁴⁵ 

Keluaran 35:23

35:23 Everyone who had ⁴⁶  blue, purple, or ⁴⁷  scarlet yarn, fine linen, goats’ hair, ram skins dyed red, or fine leather ⁴⁸  brought them. ⁴⁹ 

Keluaran 36:6

36:6 Moses instructed them to take ⁵⁰  his message ⁵¹  throughout the camp, saying, “Let no man or woman do any more work for the offering for the sanctuary.” So the people were restrained from bringing any more. ⁵² 

Keluaran 39:14

39:14 The stones were for the names of the sons of Israel, twelve, corresponding to the number of ⁵³  their names. Each name corresponding to one of the twelve tribes was like the engravings of a seal.

Keluaran 39:20

39:20 They made two more ⁵⁴  gold rings and attached them to the bottom of the two shoulder pieces on the front of the ephod, close to the juncture above the waistband of the ephod.

[1:14]  ¹ sn The verb מָרַר (marar) anticipates the introduction of the theme of bitterness in the instructions for the Passover.

[1:14]  ² tn The preposition bet (ב) in this verse has the instrumental use: “by means of” (see GKC 380 §119.o).

[1:14]  ³ tn Heb “and in all service.”

[1:14]  ⁴ tn The line could be more literally translated, “All their service in which they served them [was] with rigor.” This takes the referent of בָּהֶם (bahem) to be the Egyptians. The pronoun may also resume the reference to the kinds of service and so not be needed in English: “All their service in which they served [was] with rigor.”

[5:7]  ⁵ tn The construction is a verbal hendiadys: לֹא תֹאסִפוּן לָתֵת (lo’ to’sifun latet, “you must not add to give”). The imperfect tense acts adverbially, and the infinitive becomes the main verb of the clause: “you must no longer give.”

[5:7]  ⁶ tn The expression “for making bricks” is made of the infinitive construct followed by its cognate accusative: לִלְבֹּן הַלְּבֵנִים (lilbon hallÿvenim).

[5:7]  ⁷ tn Heb “as yesterday and three days ago” or “as yesterday and before that.” This is idiomatic for “as previously” or “as in the past.”

[5:7]  ⁸ tn The jussive יֵלְכוּ (yelÿkhu) and its following sequential verb would have the force of decree and not permission or advice. He is telling them to go and find straw or stubble for the bricks.

[6:25]  ⁹ tn Heb “heads of the fathers” is taken as an abbreviation for the description of “households” in v. 14.

[11:3]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “in the eyes of.”

[11:3]  ¹¹ tn Heb “in the eyes of the servants of Pharaoh and in the eyes of the people.” In the translation the word “Egyptian” has been supplied to clarify that the Egyptians and not the Israelites are meant here.

[11:3]  sn The presence of this clause about Moses, which is parenthetical in nature, further indicates why the Egyptians gave rather willingly to the Israelites. They were impressed by Moses’ miracles and his power with Pharaoh. Moses was great in stature – powerful and influential.

[12:18]  ¹² tn “month” has been supplied.

[14:10]  ¹³ tn The disjunctive vav introduces a circumstantial clause here.

[14:10]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “drew near.”

[14:10]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “lifted up their eyes,” an expression that indicates an intentional and careful looking – they looked up and fixed their sights on the distance.

[14:10]  ¹⁶ tn The construction uses הִנֵּה (hinneh) with the participle, traditionally rendered “and behold, the Egyptians were marching after them.” The deictic particle calls attention in a dramatic way to what was being seen. It captures the surprise and the sudden realization of the people.

[14:10]  ¹⁷ tn The verb “feared” is intensified by the adverb מְאֹד (mÿ’od): “they feared greatly” or “were terrified.” In one look their defiant boldness seems to have evaporated.

[14:10]  ¹⁸ sn Their cry to the Lord was proper and necessary. But their words to Moses were a rebuke and disloyal, showing a lack of faith and understanding. Their arrogance failed them in the crisis because it was built on the arm of flesh. Moses would have to get used to this murmuring, but here he takes it in stride and gives them the proper instructions. They had cried to the Lord, and now the Lord would deliver.

[16:16]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “the thing that.”

[16:16]  ²⁰ tn The perfect tense could be taken as a definite past with Moses now reporting it. In this case a very recent past. But in declaring the word from Yahweh it could be instantaneous, and receive a present tense translation – “here and now he commands you.”

[16:16]  ²¹ tn The form is the plural imperative: “Gather [you] each man according to his eating.”

[16:16]  ²² sn The omer is an amount mentioned only in this chapter, and its size is unknown, except by comparison with the ephah (v. 36). A number of recent English versions approximate the omer as “two quarts” (cf. NCV, CEV, NLT); TEV “two litres.”

[16:16]  ²³ tn Heb “for a head.”

[16:16]  ²⁴ tn The word “number” is an accusative that defines more precisely how much was to be gathered (see GKC 374 §118.h).

[16:16]  ²⁵ tn Traditionally “souls.”

[16:16]  ²⁶ tn Heb “will take.”

[16:16]  ²⁷ tn “lives” has been supplied.

[16:20]  ²⁸ tn Heb “men”; this usage is designed to mean “some” (see GKC 447 §138.h, n. 1).

[16:20]  ²⁹ tn The verb וַיָּרֻם (vayyarum) is equivalent to a passive – “it was changed” – to which “worms” is added as an accusative of result (GKC 388-89 §121.d, n. 2).

[17:7]  ³⁰ sn The name Massah (מַסָּה, massah) means “Proving”; it is derived from the verb “test, prove, try.” And the name Meribah (מְרִיבָה, mÿrivah) means “Strife”; it is related to the verb “to strive, quarrel, contend.” The choice of these names for the place would serve to remind Israel for all time of this failure with God. God wanted this and all subsequent generations to know how unbelief challenges God. And yet, he gave them water. So in spite of their failure, he remained faithful to his promises. The incident became proverbial, for it is the warning in Ps 95:7-8, which is quoted in Heb 3:15: “Oh, that today you would listen as he speaks! Do not harden your hearts as in the rebellion, in the day of testing in the wilderness. There your fathers tested me and tried me, and they saw my works for forty years.” The lesson is clear enough: to persist in this kind of unbelief could only result in the loss of divine blessing. Or, to put it another way, if they refused to believe in the power of God, they would wander powerless in the wilderness. They had every reason to believe, but they did not. (Note that this does not mean they are unbelievers, only that they would not take God at his word.)

[24:8]  ³¹ tn Given the size of the congregation, the preposition might be rendered here “toward the people” rather than on them (all).

[24:8]  ³² sn The construct relationship “the blood of the covenant” means “the blood by which the covenant is ratified” (S. R. Driver, Exodus, 254). The parallel with the inauguration of the new covenant in the blood of Christ is striking (see, e.g., Matt 26:28, 1 Cor 11:25). When Jesus was inaugurating the new covenant, he was bringing to an end the old.

[26:19]  ³³ tn The clause is repeated to show the distributive sense; it literally says, “and two bases under the one frame for its two projections.”

[28:21]  ³⁴ tn For clarity the words “the number of” have been supplied.

[28:21]  ³⁵ tn The phrase translated “the engravings of a seal” is an adverbial accusative of manner here.

[28:38]  ³⁶ tn The construction “the iniquity of the holy things” is difficult. “Holy things” is explained in the passage by all the gifts the people bring and consecrate to Yahweh. But there will inevitably be iniquity involved. U. Cassuto explains that Aaron “will atone for all the transgressions committed in connection with the order of the service, the purity of the consecrated things, or the use of the holy gifts, for the declaration engraved on the plate will prove that everything was intended to be holy to the Lord, and if aught was done irregularly, the intention at least was good” (Exodus, 385).

[28:38]  ³⁷ tn The clause reads: “according to/by all the gifts of their holiness.” The genitive is an attributive genitive, the suffix on it referring to the whole bound construction – “their holy gifts.” The idea of the line is that the people will consecrate as holy things gifts they bring to the sanctuary.

[28:38]  ³⁸ tn This clause is the infinitive construct with the lamed preposition, followed by the prepositional phrase: “for acceptance for them.” This infinitive provides the purpose or result of the act of wearing the dedicatory frontlet – that they will be acceptable.

[29:30]  ³⁹ tn Heb “after him”; NCV, NLT “after Aaron.”

[29:30]  ⁴⁰ tn The text just has the relative pronoun and the imperfect tense. It could be translated “who comes/enters.” But the context seems to indicate that this would be when he first comes to the tent to begin his tenure as High Priest, and so a temporal clause makes this clear. “First” has been supplied.

[29:30]  ⁴¹ tn “Seven days” is an adverbial accusative of time. The ritual of ordination is to be repeated for seven days, and so they are to remain there in the court in full dress.

[29:33]  ⁴² tn The clause is a relative clause modifying “those things,” the direct object of the verb “eat.” The relative clause has a resumptive pronoun: “which atonement was made by them” becomes “by which atonement was made.” The verb is a Pual perfect of כִּפֵּר (kipper, “to expiate, atone, pacify”).

[29:33]  ⁴³ tn The Hebrew word is “stranger, alien” (זָר, zar). But in this context it means anyone who is not a priest (see S. R. Driver, Exodus, 324).

[32:25]  ⁴⁴ tn The word is difficult to interpret. There does not seem to be enough evidence to justify the KJV’s translation “naked.” It appears to mean something like “let loose” or “lack restraint” (Prov 29:18). The idea seems to be that the people had broken loose, were undisciplined, and were completely given over to their desires.

[32:25]  ⁴⁵ tn The last two words of the verse read literally “for a whispering among those who rose up against them.” The foes would have mocked and derided them when they heard that they had abandoned the God who had led them out of Egypt (S. R. Driver, Exodus, 354).

[35:23]  ⁴⁶ tn The text uses a relative clause with a resumptive pronoun for this: “who was found with him,” meaning “with whom was found.”

[35:23]  ⁴⁷ tn The conjunction in this verse is translated “or” because the sentence does not intend to say that each person had all these things. They brought what they had.

[35:23]  ⁴⁸ tn See the note on this phrase in Exod 25:5.

[35:23]  ⁴⁹ tn Here “them” has been supplied.

[36:6]  ⁵⁰ tn The verse simply reads, “and Moses commanded and they caused [a voice] to cross over in the camp.” The second preterite with the vav may be subordinated to the first clause, giving the intent (purpose or result).

[36:6]  ⁵¹ tn Heb “voice.”

[36:6]  ⁵² tn The verse ends with the infinitive serving as the object of the preposition: “from bringing.”

[39:14]  ⁵³ tn The phrase “the number of” has been supplied.

[39:20]  ⁵⁴ tn Here “more” has been supplied.