Keluaran 1:15

1:15 The king of Egypt said ¹  to the Hebrew midwives, ²  one of whom was named Shiphrah and the other Puah, ³ 

Keluaran 5:15

5:15 ⁴ The Israelite foremen went and cried out to Pharaoh, “Why are you treating ⁵  your servants this way?

Keluaran 5:20

5:20 When they went out from Pharaoh, they encountered Moses and Aaron standing there to meet them, ⁶ 

Keluaran 9:20

9:20 Those ⁷  of Pharaoh’s servants who feared the word of the Lord hurried to bring their ⁸  servants and livestock into the houses,

Keluaran 18:5

18:5 Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, together with Moses’ ⁹  sons and his wife, came to Moses in the desert where he was camping by ¹⁰  the mountain of God. ¹¹ 

Keluaran 19:20

19:20 The Lord came down on Mount Sinai, on the top of the mountain, and the Lord summoned Moses to the top of the mountain, and Moses went up.

Keluaran 33:10

33:10 When all the people would see the pillar of cloud standing at the entrance of the tent, all the people, each one at the entrance of his own tent, would rise and worship. ¹² 

Keluaran 34:32

34:32 After this all the Israelites approached, and he commanded them all that the Lord had spoken to him on Mount Sinai.

Keluaran 38:9

The Construction of the Courtyard

38:9 He made the courtyard. For the south side ¹³  the hangings of the courtyard were of fine twisted linen, one hundred fifty feet long,

[1:15]  ¹ tn Heb “and the king of Egypt said.”

[1:15]  ² sn The word for “midwife” is simply the Piel participle of the verb יָלַד (yalad, “to give birth”). So these were women who assisted in the childbirth process. It seems probable that given the number of the Israelites in the passage, these two women could not have been the only Hebrew midwives, but they may have been over the midwives (Rashi). Moreover, the LXX and Vulgate do not take “Hebrew” as an adjective, but as a genitive after the construct, yielding “midwives of/over the Hebrews.” This leaves open the possibility that these women were not Hebrews. This would solve the question of how the king ever expected Hebrew midwives to kill Hebrew children. And yet, the two women have Hebrew names.

[1:15]  ³ tn Heb “who the name of the first [was] Shiphrah, and the name of the second [was] Puah.”

[5:15]  ⁴ sn The last section of this event tells the effect of the oppression on Israel, first on the people (15-19) and then on Moses and Aaron (20-21). The immediate reaction of Israel was to cry to Pharaoh – something they would learn should be directed to God. When Pharaoh rebuffed them harshly, they turned bitterly against their leaders.

[5:15]  ⁵ tn The imperfect tense should be classified here with the progressive imperfect nuance, because the harsh treatment was a present reality.

[5:20]  ⁶ sn Moses and Aaron would not have made the appeal to Pharaoh that these Hebrew foremen did, but they were concerned to see what might happen, and so they waited to meet the foremen when they came out.

[9:20]  ⁷ tn The text has “the one fearing.” The singular expression here and throughout vv. 20-21 refers to all who fit the description.

[9:20]  ⁸ tn Heb “his” (singular).

[18:5]  ⁹ tn Heb “his”; the referent (Moses) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[18:5]  ¹⁰ tn This is an adverbial accusative that defines the place (see GKC 373-74 §118.g).

[18:5]  ¹¹ sn The mountain of God is Horeb, and so the desert here must be the Sinai desert by it. But chap. 19 suggests that they left Rephidim to go the 24 miles to Sinai. It may be that this chapter fits in chronologically after the move to Sinai, but was placed here thematically. W. C. Kaiser defends the present location of the story by responding to other reasons for the change given by Lightfoot, but does not deal with the travel locations (W. C. Kaiser, Jr., “Exodus,” EBC 2:411).

[33:10]  ¹² tn All the main verbs in this verse are perfect tenses continuing the customary sequence (see GKC 337 §112.kk). The idea is that the people would get up (rise) when the cloud was there and then worship, meaning in part bow down. When the cloud was not there, there was access to seek God.

[38:9]  ¹³ tn Heb “south side southward.”