Keluaran 1:8
Konteks1:8 Then a new king, 1 who did not know about 2 Joseph, came to power 3 over Egypt.
Keluaran 5:5
Konteks5:5 Pharaoh was thinking, 4 “The people of the land are now many, and you are giving them rest from their labor.”
Keluaran 7:12
Konteks7:12 Each man 5 threw down his staff, and the staffs became snakes. But Aaron’s staff swallowed up their staffs.
Keluaran 9:5
Konteks9:5 The Lord set 6 an appointed time, saying, “Tomorrow the Lord will do this 7 in the land.”
Keluaran 12:40
Konteks12:40 Now the length of time the Israelites lived in Egypt was 430 years. 8
Keluaran 13:20
Konteks13:20 They journeyed from Sukkoth and camped in Etham, on the edge of the desert.
[1:8] 1 sn It would be difficult to identify who this “new king” might be, since the chronology of ancient Israel and Egypt is continually debated. Scholars who take the numbers in the Bible more or less at face value would place the time of Jacob’s going down to Egypt in about 1876
[1:8] 2 tn The relative clause comes last in the verse in Hebrew. It simply clarifies that the new king had no knowledge about Joseph. It also introduces a major theme in the early portion of Exodus, as a later Pharaoh will claim not to know who Yahweh is. The
[5:5] 4 tn Heb “And Pharaoh said.” This is not the kind of thing that Pharaoh is likely to have said to Moses, and so it probably is what he thought or reasoned within himself. Other passages (like Exod 2:14; 3:3) show that the verb “said” can do this. (See U. Cassuto, Exodus, 67.)
[7:12] 5 tn The verb is plural, but the subject is singular, “a man – his staff.” This noun can be given a distributive sense: “each man threw down his staff.”
[9:5] 6 tn Heb “and Yahweh set.”
[12:40] 8 sn Here as well some scholars work with the number 430 to try to reduce the stay in Egypt for the bondage. Some argue that if the number included the time in Canaan, that would reduce the bondage by half. S. R. Driver (Exodus, 102) notes that P thought Moses was the fourth generation from Jacob (6:16-27), if those genealogies are not selective. Exodus 6 has Levi – Kohath – Amram – Moses. This would require a period of about 100 years, and that is unusual. There is evidence, however, that the list is selective. In 1 Chr 2:3-20 the text has Bezalel (see Exod 31:2-5) a contemporary of Moses and yet the seventh from Judah. Elishama, a leader of the Ephraimites (Num 10:22), was in the ninth generation from Jacob (1 Chr 7:22-26). Joshua, Moses’ assistant, was the eleventh from Jacob (1 Chr 7:27). So the “four generations” leading up to Moses are not necessarily complete. With regard to Exod 6, K. A. Kitchen has argued that the four names do not indicate successive generations, but tribe (Levi), clan (Kohath), family (Amram), and individual (Moses; K. A. Kitchen, Ancient Orient and Old Testament, 54-55). For a detailed discussion of the length of the sojourn, see E. H. Merrill, A Kingdom of Priests, 75-79.