Keluaran 11:8

11:8 All these your servants will come down to me and bow down ¹  to me, saying, ‘Go, you and all the people who follow ²  you,’ and after that I will go out.” Then Moses ³  went out from Pharaoh in great anger.

Keluaran 14:17

14:17 And as for me, I am going to harden ⁴  the hearts of the Egyptians so that ⁵  they will come after them, that I may be honored ⁶  because ⁷  of Pharaoh and his army and his chariots and his horsemen.

Keluaran 18:14

18:14 When Moses’ father-in-law saw all that he was doing for the people, he said, “What is this ⁸  that you are doing for the people? ⁹  Why are you sitting by yourself, and all the people stand around you from morning until evening?”

Keluaran 22:6

22:6 “If a fire breaks out and spreads ¹⁰  to thorn bushes, ¹¹  so that stacked grain or standing grain or the whole field is consumed, the one who started ¹²  the fire must surely make restitution.

[11:8]  ¹ sn Moses’ anger is expressed forcefully. “He had appeared before Pharaoh a dozen times either as God’s emissary or when summoned by Pharaoh, but he would not come again; now they would have to search him out if they needed help” (B. Jacob, Exodus, 289-90).

[11:8]  ² tn Heb “that are at your feet.”

[11:8]  ³ tn Heb “and he”; the referent (Moses) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[14:17]  ⁴ tn הִנְנִי (hinni) before the participle gives it the force of a futur instans participle, meaning “I am about to harden” or “I am going to harden” their heart.

[14:17]  ⁵ tn The form again is the imperfect tense with vav (ו) to express the purpose or the result of the hardening. The repetition of the verb translated “come” is interesting: Moses is to divide the sea in order that the people may cross, but God will harden the Egyptians’ hearts in order that they may follow.

[14:17]  ⁶ tn For the comments on this verb see the discussion in v. 4. God would get glory by defeating Egypt.

[14:17]  ⁷ tn Or “I will get glory over.”

[18:14]  ⁸ tn Heb “what is this thing.”

[18:14]  ⁹ sn This question, “what are you doing for the people,” is qualified by the next question. Sitting alone all day and the people standing around all day showed that Moses was exhibiting too much care for the people – he could not do this.

[22:6]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “if a fire goes out and finds”; NLT “if a fire gets out of control.”

[22:6]  ¹¹ sn Thorn bushes were used for hedges between fields, but thorn bushes also burned easily, making the fire spread rapidly.

[22:6]  ¹² tn This is a Hiphil participle of the verb “to burn, kindle” used substantivally. This is the one who caused the fire, whether by accident or not.