Keluaran 12:19
Konteks12:19 For seven days 1 yeast must not be found in your houses, for whoever eats what is made with yeast – that person 2 will be cut off from the community of Israel, whether a foreigner 3 or one born in the land.
Keluaran 23:12
Konteks23:12 For six days you are to do your work, but on the seventh day you must cease, in order that your ox and your donkey may rest and that your female servant’s son and any hired help 4 may refresh themselves. 5
Keluaran 35:2
Konteks35:2 In six days 6 work may be done, but on the seventh day there must be a holy day 7 for you, a Sabbath of complete rest to the Lord. 8 Anyone who does work on it will be put to death.
[12:19] 1 tn “Seven days” is an adverbial accusative of time (see R. J. Williams, Hebrew Syntax, 12, §56).
[12:19] 2 tn The term is נֶפֶשׁ (nefesh), often translated “soul.” It refers to the whole person, the soul within the body. The noun is feminine, agreeing with the feminine verb “be cut off.”
[12:19] 3 tn Or “alien”; or “stranger.”
[23:12] 4 tn Heb “alien,” or “resident foreigner.” Such an individual would have traveled out of need and depended on the goodwill of the people around him. The rendering “hired help” assumes that the foreigner is mentioned in this context because he is working for an Israelite and will benefit from the Sabbath rest, along with his employer.
[23:12] 5 tn The verb is וְיִּנָּפֵשׁ (vÿyyinnafesh); it is related to the word usually translated “soul” or “life.”
[35:2] 6 tn This is an adverbial accusative of time.
[35:2] 7 tn The word is קֹדֶשׁ (qodesh, “holiness”). S. R. Driver suggests that the word was transposed, and the line should read: “a sabbath of entire rest, holy to Jehovah” (Exodus, 379). But the word may simply be taken as a substitution for “holy day.”
[35:2] 8 sn See on this H. Routtenberg, “The Laws of the Sabbath: Biblical Sources,” Dor le Dor 6 (1977): 41-43, 99-101, 153-55, 204-6; G. Robinson, “The Idea of Rest in the Old Testament and the Search for the Basic Character of Sabbath,” ZAW 92 (1980): 32-43.
