Keluaran 19:16-19

19:16 On ¹  the third day in the morning there was thunder and lightning and a dense ²  cloud on the mountain, and the sound of a very loud ³  horn; ⁴  all the people who were in the camp trembled. 19:17 Moses brought the people out of the camp to meet God, and they took their place at the foot of the mountain. 19:18 Now Mount Sinai was completely covered with smoke because the Lord had descended on it in fire, and its smoke went up like the smoke of a great furnace, ⁵  and the whole mountain shook ⁶  violently. 19:19 When the sound of the horn grew louder and louder, ⁷  Moses was speaking ⁸  and God was answering him with a voice. ⁹ 

Ulangan 4:36

4:36 From heaven he spoke to you in order to teach you, and on earth he showed you his great fire from which you also heard his words. ¹⁰ 

Yesaya 58:1

The Lord Desires Genuine Devotion

58:1 “Shout loudly! Don’t be quiet!

Yell as loud as a trumpet!

Confront my people with their rebellious deeds; ¹¹ 

confront Jacob’s family with their sin! ¹² 

Yeremia 6:17

6:17 The Lord said, ¹³ 

“I appointed prophets as watchmen to warn you, ¹⁴  saying:

‘Pay attention to the warning sound of the trumpet!’” ¹⁵ 

But they said, “We will not pay attention!”

Yehezkiel 33:3

33:3 He sees the sword coming against the land, blows the trumpet, ¹⁶  and warns the people, ¹⁷ 

Ibrani 12:18-19

12:18 For you have not come to something that can be touched, ¹⁸  to a burning fire and darkness and gloom and a whirlwind 12:19 and the blast of a trumpet and a voice uttering words ¹⁹  such that those who heard begged to hear no more. ²⁰ 

Ibrani 1:10

1:10 And,

“You founded the earth in the beginning, Lord, ²¹ 

and the heavens are the works of your hands.

[19:16]  ¹ tn Heb “and it was on.”

[19:16]  ² tn Heb “heavy” (כָּבֵד, kaved).

[19:16]  ³ tn Literally “strong” (חָזָק, khazaq).

[19:16]  ⁴ tn The word here is שֹׁפָר (shofar), the normal word for “horn.” This word is used especially to announce something important in a public event (see 1 Kgs 1:34; 2 Sam 6:15). The previous word used in the context (v. 16) was יֹבֵל (yovel, “ram’s horn”).

[19:18]  ⁵ sn The image is that of a large kiln, as in Gen 19:28.

[19:18]  ⁶ tn This is the same word translated “trembled” above (v. 16).

[19:19]  ⁷ tn The active participle הוֹלֵךְ (holekh) is used to add the idea of “continually” to the action of the sentence; here the trumpet became very loud – continually. See GKC 344 §113.u.

[19:19]  ⁸ tn The two verbs here (“spoke” and “answered”) are imperfect tenses; they emphasize repeated action but in past time. The customary imperfect usually is translated “would” or “used to” do the action, but here continuous action in past time is meant. S. R. Driver translates it “kept speaking” and “kept answering” (Exodus, 172).

[19:19]  ⁹ tn The text simply has בְּקוֹל (bÿqol); it could mean “with a voice” or it could mean “in thunder” since “voice” was used in v. 16 for thunder. In this context it would be natural to say that the repeated thunderings were the voice of God – but how is that an answer? Deut 4:12 says that the people heard the sound of words. U. Cassuto (Exodus, 232-33) rightly comments, “He was answering him with a loud voice so that it was possible for Moses to hear His words clearly in the midst of the storm.” He then draws a parallel from Ugaritic where it tells that one of the gods was speaking in a loud voice.

[4:36]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “and his words you heard from the midst of the fire.”

[58:1]  ¹¹ tn Heb “declare to my people their rebellion.”

[58:1]  ¹² tn Heb “and to the house of Jacob their sin.” The verb “declare” is understood by ellipsis (note the preceding line).

[6:17]  ¹³ tn These words are not in the text but are implicit in the interchange of pronouns in the Hebrew of vv. 16-17. They are supplied in the translation here for clarity.

[6:17]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “I appointed watchmen over you.”

[6:17]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “Pay attention to the sound of the trumpet.” The word “warning” is not in the Hebrew text, but is implied.

[33:3]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “shofar,” a ram’s horn rather than a brass instrument (so throughout the chapter).

[33:3]  ¹⁷ tn Sounding the trumpet was a warning of imminent danger (Neh 4:18-20; Jer 4:19; Amos 3:6).

[12:18]  ¹⁸ tn This describes the nation of Israel approaching God on Mt. Sinai (Exod 19). There is a clear contrast with the reference to Mount Zion in v. 22, so this could be translated “a mountain that can be touched.” But the word “mountain” does not occur here and the more vague description seems to be deliberate.

[12:19]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “a voice of words.”

[12:19]  ²⁰ tn Grk “a voice…from which those who heard begged that a word not be added to them.”

[1:10]  ²¹ sn You founded the earth…your years will never run out. In its original setting Ps 102:25-27 refers to the work of God in creation, but here in Hebrews 1:10-12 the writer employs it in reference to Christ, the Lord, making a strong argument for the essential deity of the Son.