Keluaran 8:2

8:2 But if you refuse to release them, then I am going to plague ¹  all your territory with frogs. ² 

Keluaran 21:23

21:23 But if there is serious injury, then you will give a life for a life,

Keluaran 21:30-31

21:30 If a ransom is set for him, ³  then he must pay the redemption for his life according to whatever amount was set for him. 21:31 If the ox ⁴  gores a son or a daughter, the owner ⁵  will be dealt with according to this rule. ⁶ 

Keluaran 22:12

22:12 But if it was stolen ⁷  from him, ⁸  he will pay its owner.

Keluaran 23:4

23:4 “If you encounter ⁹  your enemy’s ox or donkey wandering off, you must by all means return ¹⁰  it to him.

[8:2]  ¹ tn The construction here uses the deictic particle and the participle to convey the imminent future: “I am going to plague/about to plague.” The verb נָגַף (nagaf) means “to strike, to smite,” and its related noun means “a blow, a plague, pestilence” or the like. For Yahweh to say “I am about to plague you” could just as easily mean “I am about to strike you.” That is why these “plagues” can be described as “blows” received from God.

[8:2]  ² tn Heb “plague all your border with frogs.” The expression “all your border” is figurative for all the territory of Egypt and the people and things that are within the borders (also used in Exod 10:4, 14, 19; 13:7).

[8:2]  sn This word for frogs is mentioned in the OT only in conjunction with this plague (here and Pss 78:45, 105:30). R. A. Cole (Exodus [TOTC], 91) suggests that this word “frogs” (צְפַרְדְּעִים, tsÿfardÿ’im) may be an onomatopoeic word, something like “croakers”; it is of Egyptian origin and could be a Hebrew attempt to write the Arabic dofda.

[21:30]  ³ sn The family of the victim would set the amount for the ransom of the man guilty of criminal neglect. This practice was common in the ancient world, rare in Israel. If the family allowed the substitute price, then the man would be able to redeem his life.

[21:31]  ⁴ tn Heb “it”; the referent (the ox) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[21:31]  ⁵ tn Heb “he”; the referent (the owner) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[21:31]  ⁶ tn Heb “according to this judgment it shall be done to him.”

[22:12]  ⁷ tn Both with this verb “stolen” and in the next clauses with “torn in pieces,” the text uses the infinitive absolute construction with less than normal emphasis; as Gesenius says, in conditional clauses, an infinitive absolute stresses the importance of the condition on which some consequence depends (GKC 342-43 §113.o).

[22:12]  ⁸ sn The point is that the man should have taken better care of the animal.

[23:4]  ⁹ tn Heb “meet” (so KJV, ASV, NASB).

[23:4]  ¹⁰ tn The construction uses the imperfect tense (taken here as an obligatory imperfect) and the infinitive absolute for emphasis.