Keluaran 9:22

9:22 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Extend your hand toward the sky ¹  that there may be ²  hail in all the land of Egypt, on people and on animals, ³  and on everything that grows ⁴  in the field in the land of Egypt.”

Keluaran 10:5

10:5 They will cover ⁵  the surface ⁶  of the earth, so that you ⁷  will be unable to see the ground. They will eat the remainder of what escaped ⁸  – what is left over ⁹  for you – from the hail, and they will eat every tree that grows for you from the field.

Keluaran 9:25

9:25 The hail struck everything in the open fields, both ¹⁰  people and animals, throughout all the land of Egypt. The hail struck everything that grows ¹¹  in the field, and it broke all the trees of the field to pieces.

Keluaran 10:15

10:15 They covered ¹²  the surface ¹³  of all the ground, so that the ground became dark with them, ¹⁴  and they ate all the vegetation of the ground and all the fruit of the trees that the hail had left. Nothing green remained on the trees or on anything that grew in the fields throughout the whole land of Egypt.

Keluaran 10:12

10:12 The Lord said to Moses, “Extend your hand over the land of Egypt for ¹⁵  the locusts, that they may come up over the land of Egypt and eat everything that grows ¹⁶  in the ground, everything that the hail has left.”

Keluaran 9:32

9:32 But the wheat and the spelt ¹⁷  were not struck, for they are later crops.) ¹⁸ 

Keluaran 22:6

22:6 “If a fire breaks out and spreads ¹⁹  to thorn bushes, ²⁰  so that stacked grain or standing grain or the whole field is consumed, the one who started ²¹  the fire must surely make restitution.

Keluaran 23:11

23:11 But in the seventh year ²²  you must let it lie fallow and leave it alone so that the poor of your people may eat, and what they leave any animal in the field ²³  may eat; you must do likewise with your vineyard and your olive grove.

[9:22]  ¹ tn Or “the heavens” (also in the following verse). The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.

[9:22]  ² tn The jussive with the conjunction (וִיהִי, vihi) coming after the imperative provides the purpose or result.

[9:22]  ³ tn Heb “on man and on beast.”

[9:22]  ⁴ tn The noun refers primarily to cultivated grains. But here it seems to be the general heading for anything that grows from the ground, all vegetation and plant life, as opposed to what grows on trees.

[10:5]  ⁵ tn The verbs describing the locusts are singular because it is a swarm or plague of locusts. This verb (וְכִסָּה, vÿkhissah, “cover”) is a Piel perfect with a vav consecutive; it carries the same future nuance as the participle before it.

[10:5]  ⁶ tn Heb “eye,” an unusual expression (see v. 15; Num 22:5, 11).

[10:5]  ⁷ tn The text has לִרְאֹת וְלֹא יוּכַל (vÿlo’ yukhal lir’ot, “and he will not be able to see”). The verb has no expressed subjects. The clause might, therefore, be given a passive translation: “so that [it] cannot be seen.” The whole clause is the result of the previous statement.

[10:5]  ⁸ sn As the next phrase explains “what escaped” refers to what the previous plague did not destroy. The locusts will devour everything, because there will not be much left from the other plagues for them to eat.

[10:5]  ⁹ tn הַנִּשְׁאֶרֶת (hannish’eret) parallels (by apposition) and adds further emphasis to the preceding two words; it is the Niphal participle, meaning “that which is left over.”

[9:25]  ¹⁰ tn The exact expression is “from man even to beast.” R. J. Williams lists this as an example of the inclusive use of the preposition מִן (min) to be rendered “both…and” (Hebrew Syntax, 57, §327).

[9:25]  ¹¹ tn Heb “all the cultivated grain of.”

[10:15]  ¹² tn Heb “and they covered.”

[10:15]  ¹³ tn Heb “eye,” an unusual expression (see v. 5; Num 22:5, 11).

[10:15]  ¹⁴ tn The verb is וַתֶּחְשַׁךְ (vattekhshakh, “and it became dark”). The idea is that the ground had the color of the swarms of locusts that covered it.

[10:12]  ¹⁵ tn The preposition בְּ (bet) is unexpected here. BDB 91 s.v. (the note at the end of the entry) says that in this case it can only be read as “with the locusts,” meaning that the locusts were thought to be implicit in Moses’ lifting up of his hand. However, BDB prefers to change the preposition to לְ (lamed).

[10:12]  ¹⁶ tn The noun עֵשֶּׂב (’esev) normally would indicate cultivated grains, but in this context seems to indicate plants in general.

[9:32]  ¹⁷ tn The word כֻּסֶּמֶת (kussemet) is translated “spelt”; the word occurs only here and in Isa 28:25 and Ezek 4:9. Spelt is a grain closely allied to wheat. Other suggestions have been brought forward from the study of Egyptian crops (see a brief summary in W. C. Kaiser, Jr., “Exodus,” EBC 2:363-64).

[9:32]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “for they are late.”

[22:6]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “if a fire goes out and finds”; NLT “if a fire gets out of control.”

[22:6]  ²⁰ sn Thorn bushes were used for hedges between fields, but thorn bushes also burned easily, making the fire spread rapidly.

[22:6]  ²¹ tn This is a Hiphil participle of the verb “to burn, kindle” used substantivally. This is the one who caused the fire, whether by accident or not.

[23:11]  ²² tn Heb “and the seventh year”; an adverbial accusative with a disjunctive vav (ו).

[23:11]  ²³ tn Heb “living thing/creature/beast of the field.” A general term for animals, usually wild animals, including predators (cf. v. 29; Gen 2:19-20; Lev 26:22; Deut 7:22; 1 Sam 17:46; Job 5:22-23; Ezek 29:5; 34:5).