Kisah Para Rasul 10:29

10:29 Therefore when you sent for me, ¹  I came without any objection. Now may I ask why ²  you sent for me?”

Kisah Para Rasul 15:19

15:19 “Therefore I conclude ³  that we should not cause extra difficulty ⁴  for those among the Gentiles ⁵  who are turning to God,

Kisah Para Rasul 20:31

20:31 Therefore be alert, ⁶  remembering that night and day for three years I did not stop warning ⁷  each one of you with tears.

Kisah Para Rasul 26:3

26:3 because you are especially ⁸  familiar with all the customs and controversial issues ⁹  of the Jews. Therefore I ask ¹⁰  you to listen to me patiently.

Kisah Para Rasul 27:25

27:25 Therefore keep up your courage, men, for I have faith in God ¹¹  that it will be just as I have been told.

Kisah Para Rasul 24:26

24:26 At the same time he was also hoping that Paul would give him money, ¹²  and for this reason he sent for Paul ¹³  as often as possible ¹⁴  and talked ¹⁵  with him.

Kisah Para Rasul 27:34

27:34 Therefore I urge you to take some food, for this is important ¹⁶  for your survival. ¹⁷  For not one of you will lose a hair from his head.”

Kisah Para Rasul 25:26

25:26 But I have nothing definite ¹⁸  to write to my lord ¹⁹  about him. ²⁰  Therefore I have brought him before you all, and especially before you, King Agrippa, ²¹  so that after this preliminary hearing ²²  I may have something to write.

[10:29]  ¹ tn Grk “Therefore when I was sent for.” The passive participle μεταπεμφθείς (metapemfqei") has been taken temporally and converted to an active construction which is less awkward in English.

[10:29]  ² tn Grk “ask for what reason.”

[15:19]  ³ tn Or “I have decided,” “I think.” The verb κρίνω (krinw) has a far broader range of meaning than the often-used English verb “judge.” BDAG 568 s.v. κρίνω 3 places this use in Acts 15:19 in the category “judge, think, consider, look upon” followed by double accusative of object and predicate. However, many modern translations give the impression that a binding decision is being handed down by James: “it is my judgment” (NASB, NIV); “I have reached the decision” (NRSV). L&N 22.25, on the other hand, translate the phrase here “I think that we should not cause extra difficulty for those among the Gentiles.” This gives more the impression of an opinion than a binding decision. The resolution of this lies not so much in the lexical data as in how one conceives James’ role in the leadership of the Jerusalem church, plus the dynamics of the specific situation where the issue of Gentile inclusion in the church was being discussed. The major possibilities are: (1) James is handing down a binding decision to the rest of the church as the one who has ultimate authority to decide this matter; (2) James is offering his own personal opinion in the matter, which is not binding on the church; (3) James is voicing a consensus opinion of all the apostles and elders, although phrasing it as if it were his own; (4) James is making a suggestion to the rest of the leadership as to what course they should follow. In light of the difficulty in reconstructing the historical situation in detail, it is best to use a translation which maintains as many of the various options as possible. For this reason the translation “Therefore I conclude” has been used, leaving open the question whether in reaching this conclusion James is speaking only for himself or for the rest of the leadership.

[15:19]  ⁴ tn Or “trouble.” This term is a NT hapax legomenon (BDAG 775 s.v. παρενοχλέω).

[15:19]  ⁵ tn Or “among the nations” (in Greek the word for “nation” and “Gentile” is the same).

[20:31]  ⁶ tn Or “be watchful.”

[20:31]  ⁷ tn Or “admonishing.”

[26:3]  ⁸ tn BDAG 613 s.v. μάλιστα 1 states, “μ. γνώστην ὄντα σε since you are outstandingly familiar Ac 26:3.”

[26:3]  ⁹ tn Grk “several controversial issues.” BDAG 428 s.v. ζήτημα states, “in our lit. only in Ac, w. the mng. it still has in Mod. Gk. (controversial) question, issue, argument…Ac 15:2; 26:3. ζ. περί τινος questions about someth.…18:15; 25:19.”

[26:3]  ¹⁰ tn BDAG 218 s.v. δέομαι states, “In our lit. only w. the mng. to ask for something pleadingly, ask, request,” and then in section a.α states, “w. inf. foll.…Ac 26:3.”

[27:25]  ¹¹ tn BDAG 817 s.v. πιστεύω 1.c states, “w. pers. and thing added π. τινί τι believe someone with regard to someth….W. dat. of pers. and ὅτι foll…. πιστεύετέ μοι ὅτι ἐγὼ ἐν τῷ πατρί J 14:11a. Cp. 4:21; Ac 27:25.”

[24:26]  ¹² tn Grk “he was hoping that money would be given to him by Paul.” To simplify the translation, the passive construction has been converted to an active one.

[24:26]  sn Would give him money. That is, would offer him a bribe in exchange for his release. Such practices were fairly common among Roman officials of the period (Josephus, Ant. 2.12.3 [2.272-274]).

[24:26]  ¹³ tn Grk “him”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[24:26]  ¹⁴ tn “As often as possible” reflects the comparative form of the adjective πυκνός (puknos); see BDAG 897 s.v. πυκνός, which has “Neut. of the comp. πυκνότερον as adv. more often, more frequently and in an elative sense very often, quite frequently…also as often as possible…Ac 24:26.”

[24:26]  ¹⁵ tn On this term, which could mean “conferred with him,” see BDAG 705 s.v. ὁμιλέω.

[27:34]  ¹⁶ tn Or “necessary.” BDAG 873-74 s.v. πρός 1 has “πρ. τῆς σωτηρίας in the interest of safety Ac 27:34”; L&N 27.18 has “‘therefore, I urge you to take some food, for this is important for your deliverance’ or ‘…for your survival’ Ac 27:34.”

[27:34]  ¹⁷ tn Or “deliverance” (‘salvation’ in a nontheological sense).

[25:26]  ¹⁸ sn There is irony here. How can Festus write anything definite about Paul, if he is guilty of nothing.

[25:26]  ¹⁹ sn To my lord means “to His Majesty the Emperor.”

[25:26]  ²⁰ tn Grk “about whom I have nothing definite…” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, the relative pronoun (“whom”) was replaced with a personal pronoun (“him”) and a new sentence begun in the translation at the beginning of v. 26.

[25:26]  ²¹ sn See the note on King Agrippa in 25:13.

[25:26]  ²² tn Or “investigation.” BDAG 66 s.v. ἀνάκρισις has “a judicial hearing, investigation, hearing, esp. preliminary hearing…τῆς ἀ. γενομένης Ac 25:26.” This is technical legal language.