Kisah Para Rasul 7:51

7:51 “You stubborn ¹  people, with uncircumcised ²  hearts and ears! ³  You are always resisting the Holy Spirit, like your ancestors ⁴  did!

Kisah Para Rasul 15:10

15:10 So now why are you putting God to the test ⁵  by placing on the neck of the disciples a yoke ⁶  that neither our ancestors ⁷  nor we have been able to bear?

Kisah Para Rasul 22:14

22:14 Then he said, ‘The God of our ancestors ⁸  has already chosen ⁹  you to know his will, to see ¹⁰  the Righteous One, ¹¹  and to hear a command ¹²  from his mouth,

Kisah Para Rasul 7:32

7:32 ‘I am the God of your forefathers, ¹³  the God of Abraham, Isaac, ¹⁴  and Jacob.’ ¹⁵  Moses began to tremble and did not dare to look more closely. ¹⁶ 

[7:51]  ¹ sn Traditionally, “stiff-necked people.” Now the critique begins in earnest.

[7:51]  ² tn The term ἀπερίτμητοι (aperitmhtoi, “uncircumcised”) is a NT hapax legomenon (occurs only once). See BDAG 101-2 s.v. ἀπερίτμητος and Isa 52:1.

[7:51]  ³ tn Or “You stubborn and obstinate people!” (The phrase “uncircumcised hearts and ears” is another figure for stubbornness.)

[7:51]  ⁴ tn Or “forefathers”; Grk “fathers.”

[15:10]  ⁵ tn According to BDAG 793 s.v. πειράζω 2.c, “In Ac 15:10 the πειράζειν τὸν θεόν consists in the fact that after God’s will has been clearly made known through granting of the Spirit to the Gentiles (v. 8), some doubt and make trial to see whether God’s will really becomes operative.” All testing of God in Luke is negative: Luke 4:2; 11:16.

[15:10]  ⁶ sn A yoke is a wooden bar or frame that joins two animals like oxen or horses so that they can pull a wagon, plow, etc. together. Here it is used figuratively of the restriction that some in the early church wanted to place on Gentile converts to Christianity of observing the law of Moses and having males circumcised. The yoke is a decidedly negative image: Matt 23:4, but cf. Matt 11:29-30.

[15:10]  ⁷ tn Or “forefathers”; Grk “fathers.”

[22:14]  ⁸ tn Or “forefathers”; Grk “fathers.”

[22:14]  sn The expression God of our ancestors is a description of the God of Israel. The God of promise was at work again.

[22:14]  ⁹ tn L&N 30.89 has “‘to choose in advance, to select beforehand, to designate in advance’…‘the God of our ancestors has already chosen you to know his will’ Ac 22:14.”

[22:14]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “and to see.” This καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.

[22:14]  ¹¹ sn The Righteous One is a reference to Jesus Christ (Acts 3:14).

[22:14]  ¹² tn Or “a solemn declaration”; Grk “a voice.” BDAG 1071-72 s.v. φωνή 2.c states, “that which the voice gives expression to: call, cry, outcry, loud or solemn declaration (… = order, command)…Cp. 22:14; 24:21.”

[7:32]  ¹³ tn Or “ancestors”; Grk “fathers.”

[7:32]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “and Isaac,” but καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.

[7:32]  ¹⁵ sn A quotation from Exod 3:6. The phrase suggests the God of promise, the God of the nation.

[7:32]  ¹⁶ tn Or “to investigate,” “to contemplate” (BDAG 522 s.v. κατανοέω 2).