Ratapan 5:12

5:12 Princes were hung by their hands;

elders were mistreated. ¹ 

Ratapan 5:2

5:2 Our inheritance ²  is turned over to strangers;

foreigners now occupy our homes. ³ 

Kisah Para Rasul 25:18-21

25:18 When his accusers stood up, they did not charge ⁴  him with any of the evil deeds I had suspected. ⁵  25:19 Rather they had several points of disagreement ⁶  with him about their own religion ⁷  and about a man named Jesus ⁸  who was dead, whom Paul claimed ⁹  to be alive. 25:20 Because I was at a loss ¹⁰  how I could investigate these matters, ¹¹  I asked if he were willing to go to Jerusalem and be tried ¹²  there on these charges. ¹³  25:21 But when Paul appealed to be kept in custody for the decision of His Majesty the Emperor, ¹⁴  I ordered him to be kept under guard until I could send him to Caesar.” ¹⁵ 

Kisah Para Rasul 25:2

25:2 So the chief priests and the most prominent men ¹⁶  of the Jews brought formal charges ¹⁷  against Paul to him.

Kisah Para Rasul 1:17

1:17 for he was counted as one of us and received a share in this ministry.” ¹⁸ 

Yesaya 9:14-16

9:14 So the Lord cut off Israel’s head and tail,

both the shoots and stalk ¹⁹  in one day.

9:15 The leaders and the highly respected people ²⁰  are the head,

the prophets who teach lies are the tail.

9:16 The leaders of this nation were misleading people,

and the people being led were destroyed. ²¹ 

[5:12]  ¹ tn Heb “elders were shown no respect.” The phrase “shown no respect” is an example of tapeinosis, a figurative expression of understatement: to show no respect to elders = to terribly mistreat elders.

[5:2]  ² tn Heb “Our inheritance”; or “Our inherited possessions/property.” The term נַחֲלָה (nakhalah) has a range of meanings: (1) “inheritance,” (2) “portion, share” and (3) “possession, property.” The land of Canaan was given by the Lord to Israel as its inheritance (Deut 4:21; 15:4; 19:10; 20:16; 21:23; 24:4; 25:19; 26:1; Josh 20:6) and distributed among the tribes, clans and families (Num 16:14; 36:2; Deut 29:7; Josh 11:23; 13:6; 14:3, 13; 17:4, 6, 14; 19:49; 23:4; Judg 18:1; Ezek 45:1; 47:22, 29). Through the family, the family provided an inheritance (property) to its children with the first-born receiving pride of position (Gen 31:14; Num 27:7-11; 36:3, 8; 1 Kgs 21:3, 4; Job 42:15; Prov 19:14; Ezek 46:16). Here, the parallelism between “our inheritance” and “our homes” would allow for the specific referent of the phrase “our inheritance” to be (1) land or (2) material possessions, or given the nature of the poetry in Lamentations, to carry both meanings at the same time.

[5:2]  ³ tn Heb “our homes [are turned over] to foreigners.”

[25:18]  ⁴ tn Grk “they brought no charge of any of the evil deeds.” BDAG 31 s.v. αἰτία 3.b has “αἰτίαν φέρειν…bring an accusation Ac 25:18.” Since κατήγοροι (kathgoroi, “accusers”) in the previous clause is somewhat redundant with this, “charge” was used instead.

[25:18]  ⁵ tn Or “I was expecting.”

[25:19]  ⁶ tn Grk “several controversial issues.” BDAG 428 s.v. ζήτημα states, “in our lit. only in Ac, w. the mng. it still has in Mod. Gk. (controversial) question, issue, argument…Ac 15:2; 26:3. ζ. περί τινος questions about someth.…18:15; 25:19.”

[25:19]  ⁷ tn On this term see BDAG 216 s.v. δεισιδαιμονία 2. It is a broad term for religion.

[25:19]  sn About their own religion. Festus made it clear that in his view as a neutral figure (and as one Luke had noted was disposed to help the Jews), he saw no guilt in Paul. The issue was a simple religious dispute.

[25:19]  ⁸ tn Grk “a certain Jesus.”

[25:19]  ⁹ tn Or “asserted.”

[25:20]  ¹⁰ tn Or “Because I was undecided.” Grk “Being at a loss.” The participle ἀπορούμενος (aporoumeno") has been translated as a causal adverbial participle.

[25:20]  ¹¹ tn L&N 27.34 states, “ἀπορούμενος δὲ ἐγὼ τὴν περὶ τούτων ζήτησιν ‘I was undecided about how I could get information on these matters’ Ac 25:20. The clause ‘about how I could get information on these matters’ may also be rendered as ‘about how I should try to find out about these matters’ or ‘about how I could learn about these matters.’”

[25:20]  ¹² tn Or “stand trial.”

[25:20]  ¹³ tn Grk “on these things.”

[25:21]  ¹⁴ tn A designation of the Roman emperor (in this case, Nero). BDAG 917 s.v. σεβαστός states, “ὁ Σεβαστός His Majesty the Emperor Ac 25:21, 25 (of Nero).” It was a translation into Greek of the Latin “Augustus.”

[25:21]  ¹⁵ tn Or “to the emperor” (“Caesar” is a title for the Roman emperor).

[25:2]  ¹⁶ tn BDAG 893-94 s.v. πρῶτος 2.a.β has “οἱ πρῶτοι the most prominent men, the leading men w. gen. of the place…or of a group…οἱ πρ. τοῦ λαοῦ…Lk 19:47; cp. Ac 25:2; 28:17.”

[25:2]  ¹⁷ tn BDAG 326 s.v. ἐμφανίζω 3 has “ἐ. τινὶ κατά τινος bring formal charges against someone…Ac 24:1; 25:2.”

[25:2]  sn Note how quickly the Jewish leadership went after Paul: They brought formal charges against him within three days of Festus’ arrival in the province.

[1:17]  ¹⁸ tn Or “and was chosen to have a share in this ministry.” The term λαγχάνω (lancanw) here and in 2 Pet 1:1 can be understood as referring to the process of divine choice and thus be translated, “was chosen to have.”

[9:14]  ¹⁹ sn The metaphor in this line is that of a reed being cut down.

[9:15]  ²⁰ tn Heb “the elder and the one lifted up with respect to the face.” For another example of the Hebrew idiom, see 2 Kgs 5:1.

[9:16]  ²¹ tn Heb “and the ones being led were swallowed up.” Instead of taking מְבֻלָּעִים (mÿbulla’im) from בָּלַע (bala’, “to swallow”), HALOT 134 s.v. בלע proposes a rare homonymic root בלע (“confuse”) here.