Matius 21:38-44
Konteks21:38 But when the tenants saw the son, they said to themselves, ‘This is the heir. Come, let’s kill him and get his inheritance!’ 21:39 So 1 they seized him, 2 threw him out of the vineyard, 3 and killed him. 21:40 Now when the owner of the vineyard comes, what will he do to those tenants?” 21:41 They said to him, “He will utterly destroy those evil men! Then he will lease the vineyard to other tenants who will give him his portion at the harvest.”
21:42 Jesus said to them, “Have you never read in the scriptures:
‘The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone. 4
This is from the Lord, and it is marvelous in our eyes’? 5
21:43 For this reason I tell you that the kingdom of God will be taken from you and given to a people 6 who will produce its fruit. 21:44 The one who falls on this stone will be broken to pieces, and the one on whom it falls will be crushed.” 7
Matius 23:32-39
Konteks23:32 Fill up then the measure of your ancestors! 23:33 You snakes, you offspring of vipers! How will you escape being condemned to hell? 8
23:34 “For this reason I 9 am sending you prophets and wise men and experts in the law, 10 some of whom you will kill and crucify, 11 and some you will flog 12 in your synagogues 13 and pursue from town to town, 23:35 so that on you will come all the righteous blood shed on earth, from the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zechariah son of Barachiah, 14 whom you murdered between the temple and the altar. 23:36 I tell you the truth, 15 this generation will be held responsible for all these things! 16
23:37 “O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 17 you who kill the prophets and stone those who are sent to you! 18 How often I have longed 19 to gather your children together as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, but 20 you would have none of it! 21 23:38 Look, your house is left to you desolate! 23:39 For I tell you, you will not see me from now until you say, ‘Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord!’” 22
Matius 23:24
Konteks23:24 Blind guides! You strain out a gnat yet swallow a camel! 23
Matius 23:34
Konteks23:34 “For this reason I 24 am sending you prophets and wise men and experts in the law, 25 some of whom you will kill and crucify, 26 and some you will flog 27 in your synagogues 28 and pursue from town to town,
Lukas 11:49-51
Konteks11:49 For this reason also the wisdom 29 of God said, ‘I will send them prophets and apostles, some of whom they will kill and persecute,’ 11:50 so that this generation may be held accountable 30 for the blood of all the prophets that has been shed since the beginning 31 of the world, 32 11:51 from the blood of Abel 33 to the blood of Zechariah, 34 who was killed 35 between the altar and the sanctuary. 36 Yes, I tell you, it will be charged against 37 this generation.
Lukas 19:41-44
Konteks19:41 Now 38 when Jesus 39 approached 40 and saw the city, he wept over it, 19:42 saying, “If you had only known on this day, 41 even you, the things that make for peace! 42 But now they are hidden 43 from your eyes. 19:43 For the days will come upon you when your enemies will build 44 an embankment 45 against you and surround you and close in on you from every side. 19:44 They will demolish you 46 – you and your children within your walls 47 – and they will not leave within you one stone 48 on top of another, 49 because you did not recognize the time of your visitation from God.” 50
Yohanes 15:22-24
Konteks15:22 If I had not come and spoken to them, they would not be guilty of sin. 51 But they no longer have any excuse for their sin. 15:23 The one who hates me hates my Father too. 15:24 If I had not performed 52 among them the miraculous deeds 53 that no one else did, they would not be guilty of sin. 54 But now they have seen the deeds 55 and have hated both me and my Father. 56
Roma 11:8-10
Konteks11:8 as it is written,
“God gave them a spirit of stupor,
eyes that would not see and ears that would not hear,
to this very day.” 57
11:9 And David says,
“Let their table become a snare and trap,
a stumbling block and a retribution for them;
11:10 let their eyes be darkened so that they may not see,
and make their backs bend continually.” 58
Roma 11:1
Konteks11:1 So I ask, God has not rejected his people, has he? Absolutely not! For I too am an Israelite, a descendant of Abraham, from the tribe of Benjamin.
Roma 2:15-16
Konteks2:15 They 59 show that the work of the law is written 60 in their hearts, as their conscience bears witness and their conflicting thoughts accuse or else defend 61 them, 62 2:16 on the day when God will judge 63 the secrets of human hearts, 64 according to my gospel 65 through Christ Jesus.
[21:39] 1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the tenants’ decision to kill the son in v. 38.
[21:39] 2 tn Grk “seizing him.” The participle λαβόντες (labontes) has been translated as attendant circumstance.
[21:39] 3 sn Throwing the heir out of the vineyard pictures Jesus’ death outside of Jerusalem.
[21:42] 4 tn Or “capstone,” “keystone.” Although these meanings are lexically possible, the imagery in Eph 2:20-22 and 1 Cor 3:11 indicates that the term κεφαλὴ γωνίας (kefalh gwnia") refers to a cornerstone, not a capstone.
[21:42] sn The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone. The use of Ps 118:22-23 and the “stone imagery” as a reference to Christ and his suffering and exaltation is common in the NT (see also Mark 12:10; Luke 20:17; Acts 4:11; 1 Pet 2:6-8; cf. also Eph 2:20). The irony in the use of Ps 118:22-23 here is that in the OT, Israel was the one rejected (or perhaps her king) by the Gentiles, but in the NT it is Jesus who is rejected by Israel.
[21:42] 5 sn A quotation from Ps 118:22-23.
[21:43] 6 tn Or “to a nation” (so KJV, NASB, NLT).
[21:44] 7 tc A few witnesses, especially of the Western text (D 33 it sys Or Eussyr), do not contain 21:44. However, the verse is found in א B C L W Z (Θ) 0102 Ë1,13 Ï lat syc,p,h co and should be included as authentic.
[21:44] tn Grk “on whomever it falls, it will crush him.”
[21:44] sn This proverb basically means that the stone crushes, without regard to whether it falls on someone or someone falls on it. On the stone as a messianic image, see Isa 28:16 and Dan 2:44-45.
[23:33] 8 tn Grk “the judgment of Gehenna.”
[23:33] sn See the note on the word hell in 5:22.
[23:34] 9 tn Grk “behold I am sending.” The Greek word ἰδού (idou) has not been translated because it has no exact English equivalent here, but adds interest and emphasis (BDAG 468 s.v. 1).
[23:34] 10 tn Or “scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 2:4.
[23:34] 11 sn See the note on crucified in 20:19.
[23:34] 12 tn BDAG 620 s.v. μαστιγόω 1.a states, “of flogging as a punishment decreed by the synagogue (Dt 25:2f; s. the Mishna Tractate Sanhedrin-Makkoth, edited w. notes by SKrauss ’33) w. acc. of pers. Mt 10:17; 23:34.”
[23:34] 13 sn See the note on synagogues in 4:23.
[23:35] 14 sn Spelling of this name (Βαραχίου, Baraciou) varies among the English versions: “Barachiah” (RSV, NRSV); “Berechiah” (NASB); “Berachiah” (NIV).
[23:36] 15 tn Grk “Truly (ἀμήν, amhn), I say to you.”
[23:36] 16 tn Grk “all these things will come on this generation.”
[23:37] 17 sn The double use of the city’s name betrays intense emotion.
[23:37] map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[23:37] 18 tn Although the opening address (“Jerusalem, Jerusalem”) is direct (second person), the remainder of this sentence in the Greek text is third person (“who kills the prophets and stones those sent to her”). The following sentences then revert to second person (“your… you”), so to keep all this consistent in English, the third person pronouns in the present verse were translated as second person (“you who kill… sent to you”).
[23:37] 19 sn How often I have longed to gather your children. Jesus, like a lamenting prophet, speaks for God here, who longed to care tenderly for Israel and protect her.
[23:37] 20 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
[23:37] 21 tn Grk “you were not willing.”
[23:39] 22 sn A quotation from Ps 118:26.
[23:24] 23 tn Grk “Blind guides who strain out a gnat yet who swallow a camel!”
[23:34] 24 tn Grk “behold I am sending.” The Greek word ἰδού (idou) has not been translated because it has no exact English equivalent here, but adds interest and emphasis (BDAG 468 s.v. 1).
[23:34] 25 tn Or “scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 2:4.
[23:34] 26 sn See the note on crucified in 20:19.
[23:34] 27 tn BDAG 620 s.v. μαστιγόω 1.a states, “of flogging as a punishment decreed by the synagogue (Dt 25:2f; s. the Mishna Tractate Sanhedrin-Makkoth, edited w. notes by SKrauss ’33) w. acc. of pers. Mt 10:17; 23:34.”
[23:34] 28 sn See the note on synagogues in 4:23.
[11:49] 29 sn The expression the wisdom of God is a personification of an attribute of God that refers to his wise will.
[11:50] 30 tn Or “that this generation may be charged with”; or “the blood of all the prophets… may be required from this generation.” This is a warning of judgment. These people are responsible for the shedding of prophetic blood.
[11:50] 31 tn Or “foundation.” However, this does not suggest a time to the modern reader.
[11:50] 32 tn The order of the clauses in this complicated sentence has been rearranged to simplify it for the modern reader.
[11:51] 33 sn Gen 4:10 indicates that Abel’s blood cried out for justice.
[11:51] 34 sn It is not clear which Zechariah is meant here. It is probably the person mentioned in 2 Chr 24:20-25.
[11:51] 35 tn Or “who perished.”
[11:51] 36 tn Or “and the temple”; Grk “and the house,” but in this context a reference to the house of God as a place of sanctuary.
[11:51] 37 tn Or “required from.”
[19:41] 38 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.
[19:41] 40 sn When Jesus approached and saw the city. This is the last travel note in Luke’s account (the so-called Jerusalem journey), as Jesus approached and saw the city before entering it.
[19:42] 41 sn On this day. They had missed the time of Messiah’s coming; see v. 44.
[19:42] 42 tn Grk “the things toward peace.” This expression seems to mean “the things that would ‘lead to,’ ‘bring about,’ or ‘make for’ peace.”
[19:42] 43 sn But now they are hidden from your eyes. This becomes an oracle of doom in the classic OT sense; see Luke 13:31-35; 11:49-51; Jer 9:2; 13:7; 14:7. They are now blind and under judgment (Jer 15:5; Ps 122:6).
[19:43] 44 sn Jesus now predicted the events that would be fulfilled in the fall of Jerusalem in
[19:43] 45 sn An embankment refers to either wooden barricades or earthworks, or a combination of the two.
[19:44] 46 tn Grk “They will raze you to the ground.”
[19:44] sn The singular pronoun you refers to the city of Jerusalem personified.
[19:44] 47 tn Grk “your children within you.” The phrase “[your] walls” has been supplied in the translation to clarify that the city of Jerusalem, metaphorically pictured as an individual, is spoken of here.
[19:44] 48 sn (Not) one stone on top of another is an idiom for total destruction.
[19:44] 49 tn Grk “leave stone on stone.”
[19:44] 50 tn Grk “the time of your visitation.” To clarify what this refers to, the words “from God” are supplied at the end of the verse, although they do not occur in the Greek text.
[19:44] sn You did not recognize the time of your visitation refers to the time God came to visit them. They had missed the Messiah; see Luke 1:68-79.
[15:22] 51 tn Grk “they would not have sin” (an idiom).
[15:22] sn Jesus now describes the guilt of the world. He came to these people with both words (15:22) and sign-miracles (15:24), yet they remained obstinate in their unbelief, and this sin of unbelief was without excuse. Jesus was not saying that if he had not come and spoken to these people they would be sinless; rather he was saying that if he had not come and spoken to them, they would not be guilty of the sin of rejecting him and the Father he came to reveal. Rejecting Jesus is the one ultimate sin for which there can be no forgiveness, because the one who has committed this sin has at the same time rejected the only cure that exists. Jesus spoke similarly to the Pharisees in 9:41: “If you were blind, you would have no sin (same phrase as here), but now you say ‘We see’ your sin remains.”
[15:24] 52 tn Or “If I had not done.”
[15:24] 53 tn Grk “the works.”
[15:24] 54 tn Grk “they would not have sin” (an idiom).
[15:24] 55 tn The words “the deeds” are supplied to clarify from context what was seen. Direct objects in Greek were often omitted when clear from the context.
[15:24] 56 tn Or “But now they have both seen and hated both me and my Father.” It is possible to understand both the “seeing” and the “hating” to refer to both Jesus and the Father, but this has the world “seeing” the Father, which seems alien to the Johannine Jesus. (Some point out John 14:9 as an example, but this is addressed to the disciples, not to the world.) It is more likely that the “seeing” refers to the miraculous deeds mentioned in the first half of the verse. Such an understanding of the first “both – and” construction is apparently supported by BDF §444.3.
[11:8] 57 sn A quotation from Deut 29:4; Isa 29:10.
[11:10] 58 sn A quotation from Ps 69:22-23.
[2:15] 59 tn Grk “who.” The relative pronoun was converted to a personal pronoun and, because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
[2:15] 60 tn Grk “show the work of the law [to be] written,” with the words in brackets implied by the Greek construction.
[2:15] 62 tn Grk “their conscience bearing witness and between the thoughts accusing or also defending one another.”
[2:16] 63 tn The form of the Greek word is either present or future, but it is best to translate in future because of the context of future judgment.
