Mazmur 105:34

105:34 He ordered locusts to come, ¹ 

innumerable grasshoppers.

Yoel 2:2

2:2 It will be ²  a day of dreadful darkness, ³ 

a day of foreboding storm clouds, ⁴ 

like blackness ⁵  spread over the mountains.

It is a huge and powerful army ⁶  –

there has never been anything like it ever before,

and there will not be anything like it for many generations to come! ⁷ 

Yoel 2:11

2:11 The voice of the Lord thunders ⁸  as he leads his army. ⁹ 

Indeed, his warriors ¹⁰  are innumerable; ¹¹ 

Surely his command is carried out! ¹² 

Yes, the day of the Lord is awesome ¹³ 

and very terrifying – who can survive ¹⁴  it?

Yoel 2:25

2:25 I will make up for the years ¹⁵ 

that the ‘arbeh-locust ¹⁶  consumed your crops ¹⁷  –

the yeleq-locust, the hasil-locust, and the gazam-locust –

my great army ¹⁸  that I sent against you.

[105:34]  ¹ tn Heb “he spoke and locusts came.”

[2:2]  ² tn The phrase “It will be” does not appear in the Hebrew, but is supplied in the translation for the sake of smoothness and style.

[2:2]  ³ tn Heb “darkness and gloom.” These two terms probably form a hendiadys here. This picture recalls the imagery of the supernatural darkness in Egypt during the judgments of the exodus (Exod 10:22). These terms are also frequently used as figures (metonymy of association) for calamity and divine judgment (Isa 8:22; 59:9; Jer 23:12; Zeph 1:15). Darkness is often a figure (metonymy of association) for death, dread, distress and judgment (BDB 365 s.v. חשֶׁךְ 3).

[2:2]  ⁴ tn Heb “a day of cloud and darkness.”

[2:2]  ⁵ tc The present translation here follows the proposed reading שְׁחֹר (shÿkhor, “blackness”) rather than the MT שַׁחַר (shakhar, “morning”). The change affects only the vocalization; the Hebrew consonants remain unchanged. Here the context calls for a word describing darkness. The idea of morning or dawn speaks instead of approaching light, which does not seem to fit here. The other words in the verse (e.g., “darkness,” “gloominess,” “cloud,” “heavy overcast”) all emphasize the negative aspects of the matter at hand and lead the reader to expect a word like “blackness” rather than “dawn.” However, NIrV paraphrases the MT nicely: “A huge army of locusts is coming. They will spread across the mountains like the sun when it rises.”

[2:2]  ⁶ tn Heb “A huge and powerful people”; KJV, ASV “a great people and a strong.” Many interpreters understand Joel 2 to describe an invasion of human armies, either in past history (e.g., the Babylonian invasion of Palestine in the sixth century b.c.) or in an eschatological setting. More probably, however, the language of this chapter referring to “people” and “armies” is a hypocatastic description of the locusts of chapter one. Cf. TEV “The great army of locusts advances like darkness.”

[2:2]  ⁷ tn Heb “it will not be repeated for years of generation and generation.”

[2:11]  ⁸ tn Heb “the Lord gives his voice.”

[2:11]  ⁹ tn Heb “before his army.”

[2:11]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “military encampment.”

[2:11]  ¹¹ tn Heb “very large.”

[2:11]  ¹² tn Heb “he makes his word powerful.”

[2:11]  ¹³ tn Or “powerful.” Heb “great.”

[2:11]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “endure.” The MT and LXX read “endure,” while one of the Qumran manuscripts (4QXXII^c) has “bear.”

[2:25]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “I will restore to you the years.”

[2:25]  sn The plural years suggests that the plague to which Joel refers was not limited to a single season. Apparently the locusts were a major problem over several successive years. One season of drought and locust invasion would have been bad enough. Several such years would have been devastating.

[2:25]  ¹⁶ sn The same four terms for locust are used here as in 1:4, but in a different order. This fact creates some difficulty for the notion that the four words refer to four distinct stages of locust development.

[2:25]  ¹⁷ tn The term “your crops” does not appear in the Hebrew, but has been supplied in the translation for the sake of clarity and smoothness.

[2:25]  ¹⁸ sn Here Joel employs military language to describe the locusts. In the prophet’s thinking this invasion was far from being a freak accident. Rather, the Lord is pictured here as a divine warrior who leads his army into the land as a punishment for past sin and as a means of bringing about spiritual renewal on the part of the people.