Mazmur 18:27

18:27 For you deliver oppressed ¹  people,

but you bring down those who have a proud look. ² 

Matius 15:10-11

True Defilement

15:10 Then he called the crowd to him and said, ³  “Listen and understand. 15:11 What defiles a person is not what goes into the mouth; it is what ⁴  comes out of the mouth that defiles a person.”

Markus 7:14-19

7:14 Then ⁵  he called the crowd again and said to them, “Listen to me, everyone, and understand. 7:15 There is nothing outside of a person that can defile him by going into him. Rather, it is what comes out of a person that defiles him.”

7:16 [[EMPTY]] ⁶ 

7:17 Now ⁷  when Jesus ⁸  had left the crowd and entered the house, his disciples asked him about the parable. 7:18 He said to them, “Are you so foolish? Don’t you understand that whatever goes into a person from outside cannot defile him? 7:19 For it does not enter his heart but his stomach, and then goes out into the sewer.” ⁹  (This means all foods are clean.) ¹⁰ 

Kisah Para Rasul 10:9-16

10:9 About noon ¹¹  the next day, while they were on their way and approaching ¹²  the city, Peter went up on the roof ¹³  to pray. 10:10 He became hungry and wanted to eat, but while they were preparing the meal, a trance came over him. ¹⁴  10:11 He ¹⁵  saw heaven ¹⁶  opened ¹⁷  and an object something like a large sheet ¹⁸  descending, ¹⁹  being let down to earth ²⁰  by its four corners. 10:12 In it ²¹  were all kinds of four-footed animals and reptiles ²²  of the earth and wild birds. ²³  10:13 Then ²⁴  a voice said ²⁵  to him, “Get up, Peter; slaughter ²⁶  and eat!” 10:14 But Peter said, “Certainly not, Lord, for I have never eaten anything defiled and ritually unclean!” ²⁷  10:15 The voice ²⁸  spoke to him again, a second time, “What God has made clean, you must not consider ²⁹  ritually unclean!” ³⁰  10:16 This happened three times, and immediately the object was taken up into heaven. ³¹ 

Kisah Para Rasul 10:28

10:28 He said to them, “You know that ³²  it is unlawful ³³  for a Jew ³⁴  to associate with or visit a Gentile, ³⁵  yet God has shown me that I should call no person ³⁶  defiled or ritually unclean. ³⁷ 

Kolose 2:20-22

2:20 If you have died with Christ to the elemental spirits ³⁸  of the world, why do you submit to them as though you lived in the world? 2:21 “Do not handle! Do not taste! Do not touch!” 2:22 These are all destined to perish with use, founded as they are ³⁹  on human commands and teachings. ⁴⁰ 

[18:27]  ¹ tn Or perhaps, “humble” (note the contrast with those who are proud).

[18:27]  ² tn Heb “but proud eyes you bring low.” 2 Sam 22:28 reads, “your eyes [are] upon the proud, [whom] you bring low.”

[15:10]  ³ tn Grk “And calling the crowd, he said to them.” The participle προσκαλεσάμενος (proskalesamenos) has been translated as attendant circumstance. The emphasis here is upon Jesus’ speaking to the crowd.

[15:11]  ⁴ tn Grk “but what.”

[7:14]  ⁵ tn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

[7:16]  ⁶ tc Most later mss add 7:16 “Let anyone with ears to hear, listen.” This verse is included in A D W Θ Ë^1,13 33 Ï latt sy, but is lacking in important Alexandrian mss and a few others (א B L Δ* 0274 28 2427). It appears to be a scribal gloss (see 4:9 and 4:23), perhaps introduced as a reiteration of the thought in 7:14, and is almost certainly not an original part of the Greek text of Mark. The present translation follows NA²⁷ in omitting the verse number, a procedure also followed by a number of other modern translations.

[7:17]  ⁷ tn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.

[7:17]  ⁸ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[7:19]  ⁹ tn Or “into the latrine.”

[7:19]  ¹⁰ sn This is a parenthetical note by the author.

[10:9]  ¹¹ tn Grk “about the sixth hour.”

[10:9]  ¹² tn The participles ὁδοιπορούντων (Jodoiporountwn, “while they were on their way”) and ἐγγιζόντων (engizontwn, “approaching”) have been translated as temporal participles.

[10:9]  ¹³ sn Went up on the roof. Most of the roofs in the NT were flat roofs made of pounded dirt, sometimes mixed with lime or stones, supported by heavy wooden beams. They generally had an easy means of access, either a sturdy wooden ladder or stone stairway, sometimes on the outside of the house.

[10:10]  ¹⁴ tn The traditional translation, “he fell into a trance,” is somewhat idiomatic; it is based on the textual variant ἐπέπεσεν (epepesen, “he fell”) found in the Byzantine text but almost certainly not original.

[10:11]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “And he.” Because of the length of the Greek sentence, the conjunction καί (kai) has not been translated here. Instead a new English sentence is begun.

[10:11]  ¹⁶ tn Or “the sky” (the same Greek word means both “heaven” and “sky”).

[10:11]  ¹⁷ tn On the heavens “opening,” see Matt 3:16; Luke 3:21; Rev 19:11 (cf. BDAG 84 s.v. ἀνοίγω 2). This is the language of a vision or a revelatory act of God.

[10:11]  ¹⁸ tn Or “a large linen cloth” (the term was used for the sail of a ship; BDAG 693 s.v. ὀθόνη).

[10:11]  ¹⁹ tn Or “coming down.”

[10:11]  ²⁰ tn Or “to the ground.”

[10:12]  ²¹ tn Grk “in which.” The relative pronoun was replaced by the pronoun “it,” and a new sentence was begun in the translation at this point to improve the English style.

[10:12]  ²² tn Or “snakes.” Grk “creeping things.” According to L&N 4.51, in most biblical contexts the term (due to the influence of Hebrew classifications such as Gen 1:25-26, 30) included small four-footed animals like rats, mice, frogs, toads, salamanders, and lizards. In this context, however, where “creeping things” are contrasted with “four-footed animals,” the English word “reptiles,” which primarily but not exclusively designates snakes, is probably more appropriate. See also Gen 6:20, as well as the law making such creatures unclean food in Lev 11:2-47.

[10:12]  ²³ tn Grk “the birds of the sky” or “the birds of the heaven”; the Greek word οὐρανός (ouranos) may be translated either “sky” or “heaven,” depending on the context. The idiomatic expression “birds of the sky” refers to wild birds as opposed to domesticated fowl (cf. BDAG 809 s.v. πετεινόν).

[10:13]  ²⁴ tn Grk “And there came.” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο (egeneto, “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.

[10:13]  ²⁵ tn Grk “a voice to him”; the word “said” is not in the Greek text but is implied.

[10:13]  ²⁶ tn Or “kill.” Traditionally θῦσον (quson) is translated “kill,” but in the case of animals intended for food, “slaughter” is more appropriate.

[10:14]  ²⁷ tn Possibly there is a subtle distinction in meaning between κοινός (koinos) and ἀκάθαρτος (akaqarto") here, but according to L&N 53.39 it is difficult to determine precise differences in meaning based on existing contexts.

[10:14]  sn Peter insisted he would not violate the law by eating anything defiled and ritually unclean. These food laws were one of the practices that distinguished Jews from their Gentile neighbors. The practice made table fellowship with Gentiles awkward. For an example of Jewish attitudes to this, see Dan 1:8-16; 1 Macc 1:41-64; Letter of Aristeas 142; Tacitus, History 5.5.

[10:15]  ²⁸ tn Grk “And the voice.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.

[10:15]  ²⁹ tn Or “declare.”

[10:15]  ³⁰ sn For the significance of this vision see Mark 7:14-23; Rom 14:14; Eph 2:11-22. God directed this change in practice.

[10:16]  ³¹ tn Or “into the sky” (the same Greek word means both “heaven” and “sky”).

[10:28]  ³² tn Here ὡς (Jws) is used like ὅτι (Joti) to introduce indirect discourse (cf. BDAG 1105 s.v. ὡς 5).

[10:28]  ³³ tn This term is used of wanton or callously lawless acts (BDAG 24 s.v. ἀθέμιτος).

[10:28]  ³⁴ tn Grk “a Jewish man” (ἀνδρὶ ᾿Ιουδαίῳ, andri Ioudaiw).

[10:28]  ³⁵ tn Grk “a foreigner,” but in this context, “a non-Jew,” that is, a Gentile. This term speaks of intimate association (BDAG 556 s.v. κολλάω 2.b.α). On this Jewish view, see John 18:28, where a visit to a Gentile residence makes a Jewish person unclean.

[10:28]  ³⁶ tn This is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo").

[10:28]  ³⁷ tn Possibly there is a subtle distinction in meaning between κοινός (koinos) and ἀκάθαρτος (akaqartos) here, but according to L&N 53.39 it is difficult to determine precise differences in meaning based on existing contexts.

[10:28]  sn God has shown me…unclean. Peter sees the significance of his vision as not about food, but about open fellowship between Jewish Christians and Gentiles.

[2:20]  ³⁸ tn See the note on the phrase “elemental spirits” in 2:8.

[2:22]  ³⁹ tn The expression “founded as they are” brings out the force of the Greek preposition κατά (kata).

[2:22]  ⁴⁰ tn Grk “The commands and teachings of men.”