Ratapan 2:3
Konteksג (Gimel)
2:3 In fierce anger 1 he destroyed 2
the whole army 3 of Israel.
He withdrew his right hand 4
as the enemy attacked. 5
He was like a raging fire in the land of Jacob; 6
it consumed everything around it. 7
Ratapan 4:11
Konteksכ (Kaf)
4:11 The Lord fully vented 8 his wrath;
he poured out his fierce anger. 9
He started a fire in Zion;
it consumed her foundations. 10
[2:3] 1 tc The MT reads אַף (’af, “anger”), while the ancient versions (LXX, Syriac Peshitta, Latin Vulgate) reflect אַפּוֹ (’appo, “His anger”). The MT is the more difficult reading syntactically, while the ancient versions are probably smoothing out the text.
[2:3] 2 tn Heb “cut off, scattered.”
[2:3] 3 tn Heb “every horn of Israel.” The term “horn” (קֶרֶן, qeren) normally refers to the horn of a bull, one of the most powerful animals in ancient Israel. This term is often used figuratively as a symbol of strength, usually in reference to the military might of an army (Deut 33:17; 1 Sam 2:1, 10; 2 Sam 22:3; Pss 18:3; 75:11; 89:18, 25; 92:11; 112:9; 1 Chr 25:5; Jer 48:25; Lam 2:3, 17; Ezek 29:21) (BDB 901 s.v. 2), just as warriors are sometimes figuratively described as “bulls.” Cutting off the “horn” is a figurative expression for destroying warriors (Jer 48:25; Ps 75:10 [HT 11]).
[2:3] 4 tn Heb “he caused his right hand to turn back.” The implication in such contexts is that the
[2:3] 5 tn Heb “from the presence of the enemy.” This figurative expression refers to the approach of the attacking army.
[2:3] 6 tn Heb “he burned in Jacob like a flaming fire.”
[2:3] 7 tn Or “He burned against Jacob, like a raging fire consumes all around.”
[4:11] 8 tn Heb “has completed.” The verb כִּלָּה (killah), Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular from כָּלָה (kalah, “to complete”), has a range of closely related meanings: (1) “to complete, bring to an end,” (2) “to accomplish, finish, cease,” (3) “to use up, exhaust, consume.” Used in reference to God’s wrath, it describes God unleashing his full measure of anger so that divine justice is satisfied. This is handled admirably by several English versions: “The
[4:11] 9 tn Heb “the heat of his anger.”
[4:11] 10 tn The term יְסוֹד (yÿsod, “foundation”) refers to the ground-level and below ground-level foundation stones of a city wall (Ps 137:7; Lam 4:11; Mic 1:6).
