Roma 16:21

16:21 Timothy, my fellow worker, greets you; so do Lucius, Jason, and Sosipater, my compatriots. ¹ 

Roma 16:9

16:9 Greet Urbanus, our fellow worker in Christ, and my good friend Stachys.

Roma 16:3

16:3 Greet Prisca and Aquila, ²  my fellow workers in Christ Jesus,

Roma 16:7

16:7 Greet Andronicus and Junia, ³  my compatriots ⁴  and my fellow prisoners. They are well known ⁵  to the apostles, ⁶  and they were in Christ before me.

Roma 16:11

16:11 Greet Herodion, my compatriot. ⁷  Greet those in the household of Narcissus who are in the Lord.

Roma 11:15

11:15 For if their rejection is the reconciliation of the world, what will their acceptance be but life from the dead?

Roma 12:16

12:16 Live in harmony with one another; do not be haughty but associate with the lowly. ⁸  Do not be conceited. ⁹ 

Roma 12:19

12:19 Do not avenge yourselves, dear friends, but give place to God’s wrath, ¹⁰  for it is written, “Vengeance is mine, I will repay,” ¹¹  says the Lord.

Roma 16:5

16:5 Also greet the church in their house. Greet my dear friend Epenetus, ¹²  who was the first convert ¹³  to Christ in the province of Asia. ¹⁴ 

Roma 16:12

16:12 Greet Tryphena ¹⁵  and Tryphosa, laborers in the Lord. Greet my dear friend ¹⁶  Persis, who has worked hard in the Lord.

[16:21]  ¹ tn Grk “kinsmen, relatives, fellow countrymen.”

[16:3]  ² sn On Prisca and Aquila see also Acts 18:2, 18, 26; 1 Cor 16:19; 2 Tim 4:19. In the NT “Priscilla” and “Prisca” are the same person. The author of Acts uses the full name Priscilla, while Paul uses the diminutive form Prisca.

[16:7]  ³ tn Or “Junias.”

[16:7]  sn The feminine name Junia, though common in Latin, is quite rare in Greek (apparently only three instances of it occur in Greek literature outside Rom 16:7, according to the data in the TLG [D. Moo, Romans [NICNT], 922]). The masculine Junias (as a contraction for Junianas), however, is rarer still: Only one instance of the masculine name is known in extant Greek literature (Epiphanius mentions Junias in his Index discipulorum 125). Further, since there are apparently other husband-wife teams mentioned in this salutation (Prisca and Aquila [v. 3], Philologus and Julia [v. 15]), it might be natural to think of Junia as a feminine name. (This ought not be pressed too far, however, for in v. 12 all three individuals are women [though the first two are linked together], and in vv. 9-11 all the individuals are men.) In Greek only a difference of accent distinguishes between Junias (male) and Junia (female). If it refers to a woman, it is possible (1) that she had the gift of apostleship (not the office), or (2) that she was not an apostle but along with Andronicus was esteemed by (or among) the apostles. As well, the term “prominent” probably means “well known,” suggesting that Andronicus and Junia(s) were well known to the apostles (see note on the phrase “well known” which follows).

[16:7]  ⁴ tn Or “kinsmen,” “relatives,” “fellow countrymen.”

[16:7]  ⁵ tn Or “prominent, outstanding, famous.” The term ἐπίσημος (epishmo") is used either in an implied comparative sense (“prominent, outstanding”) or in an elative sense (“famous, well known”). The key to determining the meaning of the term in any given passage is both the general context and the specific collocation of this word with its adjuncts. When a comparative notion is seen, that to which ἐπίσημος is compared is frequently, if not usually, put in the genitive case (cf., e.g., 3 Macc 6:1 [Ελεαζαρος δέ τις ἀνὴρ ἐπίσημος τῶν ἀπὸ τής χώρας ἱερέων “Eleazar, a man prominent among the priests of the country”]; cf. also Pss. Sol. 17:30). When, however, an elative notion is found, ἐν (en) plus a personal plural dative is not uncommon (cf. Pss. Sol. 2:6). Although ἐν plus a personal dative does not indicate agency, in collocation with words of perception, (ἐν plus) dative personal nouns are often used to show the recipients. In this instance, the idea would then be “well known to the apostles.” See M. H. Burer and D. B. Wallace, “Was Junia Really an Apostle? A Re-examination of Rom 16.7,” NTS 47 (2001): 76-91, who argue for the elative notion here.

[16:7]  ⁶ tn Or “among the apostles.” See discussion in the note on “well known” for these options.

[16:11]  ⁷ tn Or “kinsman,” “relative,” “fellow countryman.”

[12:16]  ⁸ tn Or “but give yourselves to menial tasks.” The translation depends on whether one takes the adjective “lowly” as masculine or neuter.

[12:16]  ⁹ tn Grk “Do not be wise in your thinking.”

[12:19]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “the wrath,” referring to God’s wrath as the remainder of the verse shows.

[12:19]  ¹¹ sn A quotation from Deut 32:35.

[16:5]  ¹² sn The spelling Epenetus is also used by NIV, NLT; the name is alternately spelled Epaenetus (NASB, NKJV, NRSV).

[16:5]  ¹³ tn Grk “first fruit.” This is a figurative use referring to Epenetus as the first Christian convert in the region.

[16:5]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “Asia”; in the NT this always refers to the Roman province of Asia, made up of about one-third of the west and southwest end of modern Asia Minor. Asia lay to the west of the region of Phrygia and Galatia. The words “the province of” are supplied to indicate to the modern reader that this does not refer to the continent of Asia.

[16:12]  ¹⁵ sn The spelling Tryphena is also used by NIV, NKJV, NLT; the name is alternately spelled Tryphaena (NASB, NRSV).

[16:12]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “Greet the beloved.”