Roma 11:25

11:25 For I do not want you to be ignorant of this mystery, brothers and sisters, ¹  so that you may not be conceited: A partial hardening has happened to Israel ²  until the full number ³  of the Gentiles has come in.

Keluaran 8:15

8:15 But when Pharaoh saw that there was relief, ⁴  he hardened ⁵  his heart and did not listen to them, just as the Lord had predicted. ⁶ 

Keluaran 14:17

14:17 And as for me, I am going to harden ⁷  the hearts of the Egyptians so that ⁸  they will come after them, that I may be honored ⁹  because ¹⁰  of Pharaoh and his army and his chariots and his horsemen.

Ulangan 2:30

2:30 But King Sihon of Heshbon was unwilling to allow us to pass near him because the Lord our ¹¹  God had made him obstinate ¹²  and stubborn ¹³  so that he might deliver him over to you ¹⁴  this very day.

Yosua 11:20

11:20 for the Lord determined to make them obstinate so they would attack Israel. He wanted Israel to annihilate them without mercy, as he had instructed Moses. ¹⁵ 

Yosua 11:1

Israel Defeats a Northern Coalition

11:1 When King Jabin of Hazor ¹⁶  heard the news, he organized a coalition, including ¹⁷  King Jobab of Madon, the king of Shimron, the king of Acshaph,

1 Samuel 6:6

6:6 Why harden your hearts like the Egyptians and Pharaoh did? ¹⁸  When God ¹⁹  treated them harshly, didn’t the Egyptians send the Israelites on their way? ²⁰ 

1 Samuel 6:2

6:2 the Philistines called the priests and the omen readers, saying, “What should we do with the ark of the Lord? Advise us as to how we should send it back to its place.”

1 Samuel 30:8

30:8 David inquired of the Lord, saying, “Should I pursue this raiding band? Will I overtake them?” He said to him, “Pursue, for you will certainly overtake them and carry out a rescue!”

1 Samuel 1:13

1:13 Now Hannah was speaking from her heart. Although her lips were moving, her voice was inaudible. Eli therefore thought she was drunk.

Mazmur 95:8

95:8 He says, ²¹  “Do not be stubborn like they were at Meribah, ²² 

like they were that day at Massah ²³  in the wilderness, ²⁴ 

Amsal 29:1

29:1 The one who stiffens his neck ²⁵  after numerous rebukes ²⁶ 

will suddenly be destroyed ²⁷  without remedy. ²⁸ 

Yesaya 48:4

48:4 I did this ²⁹  because I know how stubborn you are.

Your neck muscles are like iron

and your forehead like bronze. ³⁰ 

Yehezkiel 3:7

3:7 But the house of Israel is unwilling to listen to you, ³¹  because they are not willing to listen to me, ³²  for the whole house of Israel is hard-headed and hard-hearted. ³³ 

Daniel 5:20

5:20 And when his mind ³⁴  became arrogant ³⁵  and his spirit filled with pride, he was deposed from his royal throne and his honor was removed from him.

Zakharia 7:11-12

7:11 “But they refused to pay attention, turning away stubbornly and stopping their ears so they could not hear. 7:12 Indeed, they made their heart as hard as diamond, ³⁶  so that they could not obey the Torah and the other words the Lord who rules over all had sent by his Spirit through the former prophets. Therefore, the Lord who rules over all had poured out great wrath.

Ibrani 3:13

3:13 But exhort one another each day, as long as it is called “Today,” that none of you may become hardened by sin’s deception.

Ibrani 3:15

3:15 As it says, ³⁷  “Oh, that today you would listen as he speaks! ³⁸  Do not harden your hearts as in the rebellion.” ³⁹ 

Ibrani 4:7

4:7 So God ⁴⁰  again ordains a certain day, “Today,” speaking through David ⁴¹  after so long a time, as in the words quoted before, ⁴²  “O, that today you would listen as he speaks! ⁴³  Do not harden your hearts.”

[11:25]  ¹ tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:13.

[11:25]  ² tn Or “Israel has experienced a hardening in part until the full number of the Gentiles has come in.”

[11:25]  ³ tn Grk “fullness.”

[8:15]  ⁴ tn The word רְוָחָה (rÿvakhah) means “respite, relief.” BDB 926 relates it to the verb רָוַח (ravakh, “to be wide, spacious”). There would be relief when there was freedom to move about.

[8:15]  ⁵ tn וְהַכְבֵּד (vÿhakhbed) is a Hiphil infinitive absolute, functioning as a finite verb. The meaning of the word is “to make heavy,” and so stubborn, sluggish, indifferent. It summarizes his attitude and the outcome, that he refused to keep his promises.

[8:15]  ⁶ sn The end of the plague revealed clearly God’s absolute control over Egypt’s life and deities – all at the power of the man who prayed to God. Yahweh had made life unpleasant for the people by sending the plague, but he was also the one who could remove it. The only recourse anyone has in such trouble is to pray to the sovereign Lord God. Everyone should know that there is no one like Yahweh.

[14:17]  ⁷ tn הִנְנִי (hinni) before the participle gives it the force of a futur instans participle, meaning “I am about to harden” or “I am going to harden” their heart.

[14:17]  ⁸ tn The form again is the imperfect tense with vav (ו) to express the purpose or the result of the hardening. The repetition of the verb translated “come” is interesting: Moses is to divide the sea in order that the people may cross, but God will harden the Egyptians’ hearts in order that they may follow.

[14:17]  ⁹ tn For the comments on this verb see the discussion in v. 4. God would get glory by defeating Egypt.

[14:17]  ¹⁰ tn Or “I will get glory over.”

[2:30]  ¹¹ tc The translation follows the LXX in reading the first person pronoun. The MT, followed by many English versions, has a second person masculine singular pronoun, “your.”

[2:30]  ¹² tn Heb “hardened his spirit” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV); NIV “made his spirit stubborn.”

[2:30]  ¹³ tn Heb “made his heart obstinate” (so KJV, NASB); NRSV “made his heart defiant.”

[2:30]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “into your hand.”

[11:20]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “for from the Lord it was to harden their heart[s] to meet for the battle with Israel, in order to annihilate them, so that they would receive no mercy, in order annihilate them, as the Lord commanded Moses.”

[11:1]  ¹⁶ map For location see Map1 D2; Map2 D3; Map3 A2; Map4 C1.

[11:1]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “he sent to.”

[6:6]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “like Egypt and Pharaoh hardened their heart.”

[6:6]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[6:6]  ²⁰ tn Heb “and they sent them away and they went.”

[95:8]  ²¹ tn The words “he says” are supplied in the translation to clarify that the following words are spoken by the Lord (see vv. 9-11).

[95:8]  ²² sn The name Meribah means “strife.” Two separate but similar incidents at Meribah are recorded in the Pentateuch (Exod 17:1-7; Num 20:1-13, see also Pss 81:7; 106:32). In both cases the Israelites complained about lack of water and the Lord miraculously provided for them.

[95:8]  ²³ sn The name Massah means “testing.” This was another name (along with Meribah) given to the place where Israel complained following the Red Sea Crossing (see Exod 17:1-7, as well as Deut 6:16; 9:22; 33:8).

[95:8]  ²⁴ tn Heb “do not harden your heart[s] as [at] Meribah, as [in] the day of Massah in the wilderness.”

[29:1]  ²⁵ tn The idiom “to harden the neck” (מַקְשֶׁה־עֹרֶף, maqsheh-’oref) is the idea of resisting the rebukes and persisting in obstinacy (e.g., Exod 32:9). The opposite of a “stiff neck” would be the bending back, i.e., submission.

[29:1]  ²⁶ tn The Hebrew construction is אִישׁ תּוֹכָחוֹת (’ish tokhakhot, “a man of rebukes”), meaning “a man who has (or receives) many rebukes.” This describes a person who is deserving of punishment and who has been given many warnings. The text says, then, “a man of rebukes hardening himself.”

[29:1]  ²⁷ sn The stubborn person refuses to listen; he will suddenly be destroyed when the calamity strikes (e.g., Prov 6:15; 13:18; 15:10).

[29:1]  ²⁸ tn Or “healing” (NRSV).

[48:4]  ²⁹ tn The words “I did this” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons. In the Hebrew text v. 4 is subordinated to v. 3.

[48:4]  ³⁰ sn The image is that of a person who has tensed the muscles of the face and neck as a sign of resolute refusal.

[3:7]  ³¹ sn Moses (Exod 3:19) and Isaiah (Isa 6:9-10) were also told that their messages would not be received.

[3:7]  ³² sn A similar description of Israel’s disobedience is given in 1 Sam 8:7.

[3:7]  ³³ tn Heb “hard of forehead and stiff of heart.”

[5:20]  ³⁴ tn Aram “heart.”

[5:20]  ³⁵ sn The point of describing Nebuchadnezzar as arrogant is that he had usurped divine prerogatives, and because of his immense arrogance God had dealt decisively with him.

[7:12]  ³⁶ tn The Hebrew term שָׁמִיר (shamir) means literally “hardness” and since it is said in Ezek 3:9 to be harder than flint, many scholars suggest that it refers to diamond. It is unlikely that diamond was known to ancient Israel, however, so probably a hard stone like emery or corundum is in view. The translation nevertheless uses “diamond” because in modern times it has become proverbial for its hardness. A number of English versions use “flint” here (e.g., NASB, NIV).

[3:15]  ³⁷ tn Grk “while it is said.”

[3:15]  ³⁸ tn Grk “today if you hear his voice.”

[3:15]  ³⁹ sn A quotation from Ps 95:7b-8.

[4:7]  ⁴⁰ tn Grk “he”; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[4:7]  ⁴¹ sn Ps 95 does not mention David either in the text or the superscription. It is possible that the writer of Hebrews is attributing the entire collection of psalms to David (although some psalms are specifically attributed to other individuals or groups).

[4:7]  ⁴² tn Grk “as it has been said before” (see Heb 3:7).

[4:7]  ⁴³ tn Grk “today if you hear his voice.”