Ulangan 2:23
Konteks2:23 As for the Avvites 1 who lived in settlements as far west as Gaza, Caphtorites 2 who came from Crete 3 destroyed them and settled down in their place.)
Ulangan 4:47
Konteks4:47 They possessed his land and that of King Og of Bashan – both of whom were Amorite kings in the Transjordan, to the east.
Ulangan 9:6
Konteks9:6 Understand, therefore, that it is not because of your righteousness that the Lord your God is about to give you this good land as a possession, for you are a stubborn 4 people!
Ulangan 19:2
Konteks19:2 you must set apart for yourselves three cities 5 in the middle of your land that the Lord your God is giving you as a possession.
[2:23] 1 sn Avvites. Otherwise unknown, these people were probably also Anakite (or Rephaite) giants who lived in the lower Mediterranean coastal plain until they were expelled by the Caphtorites.
[2:23] 2 sn Caphtorites. These peoples are familiar from both the OT (Gen 10:14; 1 Chr 1:12; Jer 47:4; Amos 9:7) and ancient Near Eastern texts (Miriam Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature, 2:37-38; ANET 138). They originated in Crete (OT “Caphtor”) and are identified as the ancestors of the Philistines (Gen 10:14; Jer 47:4).
[2:23] 3 tn Heb “Caphtor”; the modern name of the island of Crete is used in the translation for clarity (cf. NCV, TEV, NLT).
[9:6] 4 tn Heb “stiff-necked” (so KJV, NAB, NIV).
[9:6] sn The Hebrew word translated stubborn means “stiff-necked.” The image is that of a draft animal that is unsubmissive to the rein or yoke and refuses to bend its neck to draw the load. This is an apt description of OT Israel (Exod 32:9; 33:3, 5; 34:9; Deut 9:13).
[19:2] 5 sn These three cities, later designated by Joshua, were Kedesh of Galilee, Shechem, and Hebron (Josh 20:7-9).